Glossary of Linguistic Terms

a posteriori

a priori

A-bar

A-bar binding

A-bar bound

A-bar position

abbreviate

abbreviated

abbreviated form

abbreviation

ABC bookabductionabductionabecedaryaberrantabessiveabessive caseabilityA-bindingablativeablative absoluteablative caseablautable to be generatedable to have boundariesabnormalA-boundaboutnessabrupt onsetabsoluteabsolute adjectiveabsolute adjectiveabsolute arbitrarinessabsolute constructionabsolute degreeabsolute formabsolute homophonyabsolute origin of locating operationsabsolute pitchabsolute superlativeabsolute synonymabsolute synonymyabsolute tenseabsolute transitiveabsolute universalsabsolutiveabsolutive caseabsorptionabsorptionabsorption of toneabstractabstractabstract caseabstract nounabstract representationabstractionabstractnessaccentaccentaccentaccentaccent (mark)accent-bearing syllableaccentedaccented syllableaccented unitaccentologyaccentuableaccentuable unitaccentualaccentual meteraccentual systemaccentual unitaccentuateaccentuatedaccentuationacceptabilityacceptability judgmentacceptableacceptationaccessibilityaccessibilityaccessibility hierarchyaccessibility theoryaccessibleaccidenceaccidentaccidentalaccidental propertyaccommodationaccommodationaccommodation theoryaccompanimentaccount foraccountabilityaccountability principleacculturationaccumulation of knowledgeaccuracyaccusativeaccusative caseaccusative languageaccusative verbaccusativityacousticacoustic analysisacoustic cueacoustic energyacoustic featureacoustic imageacoustic phoneticsacoustic signalacoustic spectrumacousticsacquisitionacquisition planningacrolectacronymacronym formationacrophonyactact of referenceact of utteranceact sequenceactantactantactantialactantial analysisactantial modelactantial roleactantial structureactioactionaction verbactionalactiveactive articulatorsactive clauseactive languageactive sentenceactive verbactive vocabularyactive voiceactivityactivity verbactoractoractualactualactualizationactualizeactualized heroactualizeractualizingacuteacute accentAdam’s appleadaptationadaptation ruleaddadd an element to the rootadditionaddition of an element to the rootadditionaladditive bilingualismadditive co(-)ordinationaddressaddressaddressaddress formaddress systemaddresseeaddresseradductionadequacyadequateadessiveadessive caseadjacencyAdjacency conditionadjacency pairAdjacency Principleadjacent (to)adjectivaladjectivaladjectival clauseadjectival inflectional affixadjectival lexical morphemeadjectival nounadjectival phraseadjectiv(al)izationadjectivalizedadjectiveadjectiveadjective clauseadjective groupadjective phraseadjective stemadjectivizeradjoinadjunctadjunctionadjunction ruleadnominaladnominal relative (clause)adpositionadstratumadvanced tongue root (ATR)adverbadverb of degreeadverb of manneradverb of placeadverb of timeadverb particleadverb phraseadverbaladverbialadverbialadverbial clauseadverbial groupadverbial phraseadverbializationadverbializedadverbializeradversativeadversativeadversative clauseadversative conjunctionaffectaffected objectaffectiveaffective meaningaffective speechaffective stressaffinityaffirmationaffirmativeaffirmative sentenceaffixaffixaffixaffix transformationaffixalaffixationaffix-hoppingaffricateaffricatedaffricationA-freeAfricanAfrican languageAfrican linguisticsAfricanistAfro-Asiaticageage gradingage groupagentagent phraseagentiveagentive caseagentive languageagentive nounagentive phraseagentless passiveagglutinatingagglutinating languageagglutinationagglutinativeagglutinative languageagrammatismagraphiaagree withagreementagreement classagreement in caseagreement in genderagreement in numberagreement in personagreement markerairair passageair pressureairflowair(-)streamair(-)stream mechanismAktionsartalethicalethic modalityalexiaalgorithmalienablealienable possessionallativeallative caseallegoricalallegoryallegroallegro formalliterationalliterativealliterative concordallocutiveallocutoralloglotallographallomorphallomorphyallophoneallophonicallosemeallotagmaallotoneallotopyaloudalphabetalphabet-based word creationalphabetic writingalphabetic(al)alphabetical orderalphabetismAltaic languagealterityalternantalternatealternate rhymealternatingalternationalternative questionalveolaralveolar clickalveolar consonantalveolar ridgealveolopalatalalveolopalatalalveolumalveolusalveo(-)palatalalveo(-)palatalamalgamamalgamatedambiguityambiguousambisyllabicambisyllabic consonantameliorationameliorationameliorativeamplificationamplitudeanacoluthonanacyclicanagramanalepsisanalogicalanalogical changeanalogical creationanalogistanalogous environmentanalogous (to)analogyanalysisanalytic judgmentanalytic languageanalytic propositionanalytic sentenceanalytic statementanalytic truthanalytic(al)analyticityanalyzabilityanalyzableanalyzeanaphoranaphoraanaphoricanaphoric deixisanaphoric pronounanaphoric referenceanaphoric substituteanaphoric wordanaptycticanaptyctic soundanaptyctic vowelanaptyxisanarthriaanastropheancestor languageangled bracketsanimacyanimateanimate featureanimate nounanimatenessanomalistanomalousanomalyanomiaanomic aphasiaanomieanswerantanaclasisantecedentantecedentantecedent governmentantecedent of a relative (clause)antepenultantepenultimateantepenultimateanterioranterioranteriorityanthropological linguisticsanthropologyanthroponomasticsanthroponymanthroponymyanticadenceanticipationanticipationanticipationanticipatoryanticipatory assimilationanticlimaxanti-languageantipassiveantiphrasisanti-senderanti-subjectantithesisantitheticalantonomasiaantonymantonymicantonymic relationshipantonymyaoristaoristaoristicaoristicapertureapexaphaeresisaphasiaaphesisaphorismaphoristicapicalapicalapico(-)alveolarapico(-)dentalapico(-)dentalapico-labialapico-labialapico-palatalapocopeapodosisapophonyaposiopesisA-positionapostropheapostropheapparatusapparent timeapparent-time studiesappealappearanceappellationappellativeappellativeappellativeappellative functionapplicabilityapplicability of a ruleapplicationapplicationapplication of a ruleapplicativeapplicativeappliedapplied linguisticsapplied verbapposedappositionappositionalappositional phraseappositiveappositiveappositive clauseappositive relative (clause)apprehendapprehensionapproachapproachappropriateappropriatenessappropriateness conditionsapproximantapproximateapproximative systemaptitudeArabic scriptarbitrarinessarbitrariness of the signarbitraryarbitrary naturearbitrary nature of the signarborealarchaicarchaismarchilexemearchimorphemearchiphonemearchisememearchitonemeareaareal linguisticsargotargumentargumentargumentargument against ..argument in favor of ..argument positionargument structureargumentationargumentativeargumentative discoursearrangementarrowarticlearticulatearticulationarticulationarticulatorsarticulatoryarticulatory basisarticulatory classificationarticulatory featurearticulatory gesturearticulatory movementarticulatory phoneticsarticulatory settingarticulatory variablearticulatory-perceptual systemartificialartificial intelligenceartificial languagearytenoidarytenoid cartilagearytenoidsas an exampleascendingascending diphthongascending toneascribedasemanticasemanticityasideaspectaspectaspect markeraspectualaspectual characteraspectual classaspirateaspirate ‘h’aspiratedaspirated stopaspirationassertassertionassertionassertiveassertorassibilateassibilationassign (a value to)assign (to)assignmentassignmentassimilate (to)assimilationassimilative neutralizationassociate (with)associationassociation groupassociativeassociativeassociative constructionassociative fieldassociative morphemeassociative relation(s)assonanceassumeassumptionasteriskasterisked formA-structureasyllabic soundasymmetric c-commandasymmetric(al)asymmetryasyndeticasyndetic co(-)ordinationasyndetonasyntacticat the beginningatelicatelic verbathematicathematic rootatonicattached (to)attentionattenuatorattestationattestedattested formattitudeattitudinal verbattracting centerattractionattributeattributionattributiveattributive adjectiveattributive functionattributive useaudibilityaudibleaudible areaaudienceaudiogramaudio-lingualaudio-lingual methodaudiometeraudiometryaudio-oral methodaudio-visualaudio-visual methodauditionauditoryauditory canalauditory meatusauditory phoneticsauditory testauditory thresholdaugmentaugmentativeauthentic discourseauthorautomatic alternationautomatic translationautomatonautonomousautonomousautonomous languagesautonomous monemeautonomous phraseautonomyautonymyauto-reflexivityautosegmentalautosegmental phonologyauxiliaryauxiliary copyingauxiliary formauxiliary indicating voiceauxiliary selectionauxiliary verbavalentavoid pronoun principleawarenessaxiologicalaxiological lexiconaxiologyaxiomaxiomaticaxiomaticsaxisaxisaxis of simultaneitiesaxis of successions

B

babblingbaby(-)talkbackbackback translationback vowelback(-)channelback(-)channel cueback(-)channel signalback(-)channelingback-formationbackgroundbackground informationbackgroundingbackingbackloopingbacknessback-referencebackshiftingback-upbahuvrihi compoundbalancebandwidthBantuBantu languageBantu language studiesbarbarbarbarismbare infinitivebare nounbarredbarred ‘i’barred ‘u’barrierbarytonebasebasebasebase componentbase formbase formbase rulebasicbasic alternantbasic assumptionbasic formbasic formbasic Frenchbasic meaningbasic orderbasic sentencebasic stringbasic trainingbasic vocabularybasilectbasisbasis of articulationbe (able to be) contractedbe an exponent ofbe committed to the truth ofbe committed to the truth of the utterancebe consistentbe droppedbe elidedbe neutralizedbear a tonebeatbe(come) diphthongizedbecome fossilizedbecome integrated (in)beginningbehabitivebehave (as)behaviorbehaviorbehavioralbehavioremebehaviorismbeliefbelonging (to)benefactivebeneficiarybibliographybi-conditionalbiculturalismbidialectalismbidirectional dependencybi-equativebi-intransitiveBijection Principlebilabialbilabialbilabial clickbilabial consonantbilateralbilateralbilateralbilateral oppositionbilaterallybilingualbilingualbilingual dictionarybilingual educationbilingual speakerbilingualismbilingualitybinarismbinaritybinarizationbinarybinary branchingbinary featurebinary oppositionbinary transformationbinauralbinaural hearingbindbinderbindingbinding conditionbinding principleBinding Theorybinomialbitbi-transitivebi-transitive verbbiuniquebiuniquenessbivalentbivalent lexical morphemebivalent verbblank verseblendblendingblockblockblock capitalblock (the application of) a ruleblockedblockingblocking categorybodybody languagebony conductionBooleanborrow (from)borrowed (from)borrowed wordborrowingborrowingborrowing languagebottom-upbottom-up methodologyboundbound anaphorabound formbound morphemebound stressbound variableboundaryboundaryboundaryboundary of a speech communityboundedbounding nodeBounding Theoryboustrophedonbowdlerizedbowdlerized versionbracesbrachylogybracketedbracketingbracketingbracketsbranchbranchbranchingbranching diagrambranching positionbranching rulebreakbreak down (into)break upbreathbreathbreath groupbreathebreathingbreathing apparatusbreathstreambreathy voicebrevitybridge verbbriefbright vowelbring to an endbroad transcriptionbroadening of meaningBroca’s aphasiaBroca’s areabuccalbuccal cavitybuild-up to the climaxbundlebundle of distinctive featuresbundle of isoglossesbundle of phonetic distinctive featuresburrBurzio’s generalization‘by’ phraseby way of illustration

C

cacologycacophonouscacophonycacuminalcadencecadencecaesuracalculabilitycalculuscallcalquecanalcancellabilitycancellability of an implicaturecancellablecanonic(al)canonical formcanonical structurecanonical syllable patterncantcapacitycapacity to be derived from an expressioncapitalcapital lettercardcardinalcardinalcardinalcardinal functioncardinal numbercardinal numeralcardinal vowelcareful speechcaregiver speechcaretaker speechcaritivecarrycarry a tonecarry informationcarry outcartilagecasecasecasecase filtercase framecase grammarcase relationcase studycase syncretismcase systemCase theorycase-assignmentcase-markercase(-)markingcase-marking systemcase(-)rolecasual speechcasual stylecatachresiscatalysiscatalystcatalyzercataphasiacataphoracataphoriccataphoric referencecategoremecategoremic levelcategorialcategorial componentcategorial grammarcategorial rulecategorical perceptioncategorical rulecategorizationcategorizationcategorizecategorycategorycategory featurecategory symbolcatenationcatenative verbCaucasian languagecausalcausal clausecausal conjunctioncausalitycausationcausativecausative verbcausativitycavityc-commandc-commandcedillacellCeltic languagecenematicscenemecentercentercenter of interestcenter-embeddingcentralcentral meaningcentral nodecentral phonemecentral thought processcentral vowelcentralizationcentralizedcentralized vowelcentrifugalcentrifugal languagecentrifugal neutralizationcentripetalcentripetal languagecerebralChadic languagechainchainchain compositionchainingchangechange from abovechange from belowchange of tonechanging variablechannelchannel of communicationchantcharactercharactercharacteristiccharacterizationcharacterizationcharacterizationcharacterizechartcheckcheckedcheckedchecked syllablechecked vowelcheckingcheck-listchest pulsechiasmuschief meaningchild languageChinese scriptChinese writingchoicechoosechronemechronological ordercirconstantcircularcircular definitioncircular reasoningcircularitycircumfixcircumflexcircumflexcircumflex accentcircumlocutioncircumstancecitationcitation formcitecivilizationcivilization languagecivilization wordclassclassclass affixclass cleavageclass concordclass dialectclass languageclass of lexical morphemesclass of occurrencesclass prefixclass suffixclassemeclassicalclassical languageclassificationclassification (of languages)classificatoryclassificatory languageclassifierclassifierclassifyclausal implicatureclausal substitutionclauseclauseclause constituentclause levelclause negationclause rootclause-level tagmemeclearclear ‘l’cleftcleft sentencecleftingclichéclickclickclick languageclimaxclinical linguisticsclippingcliticclitic climbingclitic doublingclitic pronouncliticizationclosecloseclose a discourseclose approximationclose vowelclosedclosedclosed classclosed corpusclosed listclosed networkclosed setclosed syllableclosed-class wordclose-mid vowelclosingclosingclosing markerclosing phaseclosing sectionclosureclosureclosure markerclusterclustercluster reductioncluster simplificationcoalescecoalescencecoalescent assimilationcoarticulationcochleaco-constructioncodacodacodecode mixingcode modelcode selectioncode(-)switchingcode(-)switchingcodificationcodifycodingco-enunciationco-enunciationco-enunciatorco-enunciatorcoextensive (with)cognatecognatecognate accusativecognate languagecognate objectcognate wordcognitioncognitivecognitive anthropologycognitive categorycognitive developmentcognitive environmentcognitive functioncognitive grammarcognitive meaningcognitive semanticscoherencecoherentcohesioncohesioncohesioncohesivecohesivenessco-hyponymcoin new words/neologismscoinagecoincide (with)coindexedcoindexingcollaborative completioncollatecollectcollect datacollectioncollection (of data)collectivecollective bilingualismcollective nouncollocationcollocationalcollocational meaningcollocational rangecolloquialcolloquial speechcolloquialismcoloncolonial languagecolorcolor adjectivecolor termcoloringcombinationcombinativecombinatorialcombinatorial functioncombinatorial semanticscombinatoricscombinatorycombinatorycombinatory phoneticscombinatory variantcombine (with)combining formcomitativecomitative casecommacommandcommandcommentcomment clausecomment oncommentarycommercial languagecommissivecommoncommoncommon corecommon gendercommon groundcommon languagecommon nouncommonplacecommunicatecommunicationcommunicationcommunication breakdowncommunication by gesturescommunication channelcommunication dynamicscommunication modelcommunication systemcommunication theorycommunicativecommunicative actcommunicative competencecommunicative dynamismcommunicative eventcommunicative functioncommunicative intentcommunicative intentioncommunicative processcommunicative rolecommunicative situationcommunicative strategycommunicatorcommunitycommutabilitycommutationcommutation operationcommutation testcommute (with)compactcompactcompactnesscomparatistcomparativecomparativecomparative adjectivecomparative clausecomparative grammarcomparative linguisticscomparative methodcomparative of inferioritycomparative of superioritycomparative philologistcomparative philologycomparative phoneticscomparative reconstruction (CR)comparative referencecomparative studycomparativismcomparisoncompatibilitycompensationcompensatorycompensatory lengtheningcompetencecomplementcomplementcomplementcomplement clausecomplement clause functioning as an objectcomplementaritycomplementarycomplementarycomplementary termcomplementationcomplementizer (COMP)complementizer phrase (CP)completecomplete assimilationcomplete functional complex (CFC)complete sentencecomplete utterancecompletedcompleted actioncompletenesscompletioncompletivecomplexcomplex adjectivecomplex adverbcomplex conjunctioncomplex lexiacomplex NP constraintcomplex organization formcomplex prepositioncomplex rootcomplex sentencecomplex signcomplex soundcomplex stemcomplex termcomplex verbcomplex wordcomplexitycomplicationcomponentcomponentcomponential analysiscomposecompositioncompositioncompositionalcompositional meaningcompositional organizationcompositionalitycompositionality of meaningcompoundcompoundcompound bilingualismcompound lexiacompound nouncompound phonemecompound sentencecompound tensecompound verbcompound wordcompoundingcomprehensioncomprehensive analysiscomputationalcomputational linguisticscomputational systemconativeconative functionconcatenationconceptconceptionconceptualconceptual areaconceptual fieldconceptual frameworkconceptual informationconceptual meaningconceptual structureconceptual-intentional systemconcessionconcession-counter-expectation relationconcessiveconcessive clauseconcessive conjunctionconclusionconcomitanceconcordconcordanceconcreteconcrete caseconcrete nounconcurrentcondensationcondenseconditionconditionconditioncondition of generalitycondition on extraction domain (CED)conditionalconditionalconditional clauseconditional moodconditional relevanceconditional variantcondition-consequence relationconditionedconditioned responseconditioned variantconditioningconditioningconditionsconditions of satisfactionconduct a survey (on)conduction aphasiaconfer (a value to)configurationconfigurationalconfigurational languageconfigurationalityconfirmconfirm a hypothesisconfirmationconfixconfixationconflictconformalconformal languageconforming (to)conformitycongruenceconjectureconjoinconjoiningconjugateconjugatedconjugationconjunctconjunctconjunctconjunct formconjunctionconjunctionconjunctiveconjunctive adverbconjunctive pronounconnectconnected speechconnectednessconnectingconnectionconnectiveconnectivityconnectorconnectorconnexityconnotationconnotativeconnotative meaningconnotative semioticsconsciousnessconsecutionconsecutiveconsecutive interpretationconsecutivelyconsecutivenessconsequenceconsequence clauseconsequentconsequentconsistentconsisting of two phonemesconsonantconsonantconsonant alternationconsonant clusterconsonant harmonyconsonant shiftconsonant systemconsonantalconsonantalconsonant-cluster reductionconsonantismconstantconstant oppositionconstativeconstative utteranceconstellationconstituency grammarconstituentconstituentconstituent negationconstituent sentenceconstituent stringconstituent structureconstituent structureconstituent-structure constraintconstituent-structure grammarconstituteconstitution of a corpusconstitutive locatorconstitutive ruleconstraintconstraintsconstrictedconstrictionconstructionconstruction markerconstructional homonymityconsultantconsultative stylecontactcontact assimilationcontact vernacularcontaminatecontaminationcontentcontentcontent analysiscontent planecontent wordcontent(-)formcontentivecontent(-)substancecontextcontextcontext of situationcontext-dependentcontext-dependent rulecontext-freecontext-free grammarcontext-free rulecontext-restrictedcontext-restricted grammarcontext-restricted rulecontext-sensitivecontext-sensitive grammarcontext-sensitive rulecontextualcontextual assumptioncontextual effectcontextual ellipsiscontextual featurecontextual implicationcontextual informationcontextual meaningcontextual semecontextual variantcontextualismcontextualizationcontextualization cuecontextually conditioned neutralizationcontiguitycontiguous assimilationcontiguous dissimilationcontiguous (to)contingencycontingentcontinuantcontinuantcontinuativecontinuitycontinuouscontinuouscontinuumcontoidcontourcontour tonecontour tone languagecontractcontractedcontracted formcontracted vowelcontractioncontractioncontraction rulecontradictioncontradictorycontradictory termcontra-factivecontrarietycontrarinesscontrarycontrary termcontrary to expectationcontrastcontrastcontrast (with)contrasting valuecontrastivecontrastivecontrastive analysiscontrastive featurecontrastive functioncontrastive stresscontrolControl theorycontrol verbcontrollerconundrumconventionconvention of languageconvention of usageconventionalconventional implicatureconventionalityconventionalized indirect speech actconvergeconvergenceconvergenceconvergenceconvergence areaconversationconversation analysisconversation constituentconversationalconversational cooperationconversational implicationconversational implicatureconversational inferenceconversational maximconversational postulatesconversational routineconversational sequenceconversational turnconverseconversenessconversionconvertorconveyconvey informationco-occurrenceco-occurrence restrictionco-occurring elementcooingco(-)operative principleco(-)ordinatecoordinateco(-)ordinate bilingualismco(-)ordinate clauseco(-)ordinate constructionco(-)ordinate phraseco(-)ordinate structureco(-)ordinate structure constraint (CSC)co(-)ordinatedco(-)ordinatingco(-)ordinating conjunctionco(-)ordinationco(-)ordinativeco(-)ordinative constructionco(-)ordinative phraseco(-)ordinatorCopenhagen schoolcopulacopularcopular sentencecopular verbcopulativecopulative compoundcopulative verbcopycopycopy theory of movementcopyingcorecore grammarcore vocabularyco(-)referenceco(-)referential (with)co(-)referentialitycorollarycoronalcorpuscorpus linguisticscorpus planningcorrectcorrect pronunciationcorrect usagecorrect utterancecorrectnesscorrelatecorrelatecorrelatedcorrelated paircorrelationcorrelationcorrelationcorrelation bundlecorrelation markcorrelation of voicecorrelativecorrelative co(-)ordinationcorrelative paircorrespond (to)correspondencecorrespondingcostco-superscriptingco-textco-textualcountcountcount nouncountablecountable nouncounter(-)examplecounter-factivecounter(-)factualcoupletcouplingcouplingcovariationcovercoveredcovertcovert prestigecrashcrasiscreakcreakycreaky voicecreative metaphorcreativitycreolecreolecreole languagecreolizationcreolizedcreolized languagecrescendo diphthongcricoidcricoid cartilagecross sectioncross-classificationcross-culturalcross(ed)cross(-)overcross-referencecueculminativeculminative functionculturalcultural systemculturecumulcumulationcumulativecumulative exponencecuneiformcuneiform scriptcuneiform writingcurly bracketscurrent relevancecursive writingCushitic languagecyclecyclecycliccyclic principlecyclicityCyrillic alphabet

D

dampeddampingdarkdark ‘l’dark voweldashdatadata basedata collectiondata processingdativedativedative casedative of advantagedaughter languagedaughter nodedead languagedead metaphordeadjectivaldeafdeafnessdecibel (dB)decipherdecision proceduredecision-makerdeclarationdeclarativedeclarativedeclarative clausedeclarative mooddeclarative sentencedeclarative verbdeclensiondeclinabledeclinationdeclinedecodedecoderdecodingdecomposable (into)decompose (into)decompositiondeconstructiondecreolizationdeducedeductiondeductivedeductive inferencedeductive reasoningdeductive ruledeductive systemdeepdeep casedeep structuredeep subjectdefault valuedefeasibilitydefeasibility of an implicaturedefeasibledefeasible implicaturedefeasible inferencedefectivedefective distributiondefective verbdeficit hypothesisdeficit theorydefinabledefinabledefinedefining relative (clause)defining vocabularydefinitedefinite articledefinite descriptiondefinite determinerdefinite expressiondefinitenessdefiniteness effectdefinitiondegeminationdegenerationdeglutinationdegrammaticalizationdegreedegreedegree adverbialdegree modifierdegree of acceptabilitydegree of aperturedegree of closuredegree of comparisondegree of grammaticalitydegree of grammaticalnessdegree of intensitydegree of openingdegree of tensiondegrees of accessibilitydeicticdeicticdeictic pronoundeictic worddeixisdelabializationdelaydelayeddelayed releasedeletedeletiondeletion in COMPdeletion ruledeletion transformationdeliberative genredelicacydelimitdelimitationdelimitativedelimitative functiondelimiteddeliverydelocutivedelocutive verbdemarcationdemarcationaldemarcational featuredemarcational signaldemarcativedemarcative forcedemarcative functiondemarcative stressdemonstrativedemonstrativedemonstrative adjectivedemonstrative determinerdemonstrative pronoundemonstrative referencedemotiondenasalizationdenasalizeddenialdenominaldenominal formationdenominativedenominative markerdenotationdenotationaldenotativedenotative functiondenotative meaningdenotatumdenotedénouementdensedense networkdensitydentaldentaldental clickdental consonantdeonticdeontic modalitydepalatalizationdepend (on)dependencydependency grammardependency linkdependency treedependentdependentdependentdependent clausedependent monemedependent sentencedepidginizationdeponentdeponent verbderivationderivationderivationalderivational affixderivational affixationderivational fieldderivational historyderivational morphemederivational morphologyderivational prefixderivational suffixderivativederivederivedderived formderived from an expressionderived meaningderived nounderived sentencederived structurederived subjectderived worddescending diphthongdescribedescriptiondescriptivedescriptive adequacydescriptive adjectivedescriptive discoursedescriptive grammardescriptive linguisticsdescriptive meaningdescriptive negationdescriptive phoneticsdescriptive usedescriptively adequate grammardescriptivismdescriptordesemantizationdesiderativedesignatedesignatordesignatumdestinationdeteriorationdeteriorationdeterminationdeterminationdeterminativedeterminedeterminerdeterminer (not including the article)determiner phrase (DP)determiner relationsdetermining grammatical morphemedeterminismdetransitivizationdevelopdevelop into a distinct dialectdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopment of the storydevelopmental linguisticsdevelopmental psycholinguisticsdeverbaldeverbal noundeverbativedeviancedeviationdevicedevocalizedevoicedevoiceddevoicingdiachronicdiachronic analysisdiachronic changediachronic linguisticsdiachronic phoneticsdiachronic phonologydiachronic studydiachronydiacriticdiacriticdiacritic markdi(a)eresisdi(a)eresisdiagramdiagramdiagrammatic(al)dialectdialect atlasdialect geographydialect mixturedialectaldialectal variationdialectalizationdialectologistdialectologydialectometrydialect(-)switchingdialogicdialogicaldialogismdialoguedialogue discoursediaphonediaphoradiaphragmdiasystemdiasystematicdiathesisdichotic listeningdichotomousdichotomydictiondictionarydictionary entrydictumdidacticdiegesisdiegeticdifferencedifference between phonemesdifference between soundsdifference hypothesisdifference limendifference of registerdifference theorydifferentdifferentialdifferential linguisticsdifferential thresholddifferential valuedifferentiatedifferentiationdifferentiationdiffusediffusiondiglossiadiglossicdigraphdilationdimensiondimensionaldimensionalitydiminuendo diphthongdiminutiondiminutivediminutive suffixdiotic hearingdiphthongdiphthongizationdiphthongizediplomaticsdirectdirect anaphoradirect casedirect discoursedirect objectdirect questiondirect quotationdirect speechdirect theta-markingdirectiondirectionaldirectivedisambiguatedisambiguationdisconnectiondiscontinuitydiscontinuousdiscontinuousdiscontinuousdiscontinuous constituentdiscontinuous constructiondiscontinuous morphemediscoursdiscoursediscoursediscoursediscourse analysisdiscourse anaphoradiscourse coherencediscourse contextdiscourse deixisdiscourse functiondiscourse genrediscourse grammardiscourse leveldiscourse markerdiscourse memorydiscourse organizationdiscourse particlediscourse referentdiscourse rolediscourse sequencediscourse situationdiscourse strategydiscourse structurediscourse topicdiscourse typologydiscourse-leveldiscovery procedurediscretediscretediscrete unitdiscretenessdiscriminationdiscursivediscursive semanticsdiscursive syntaxdisengagementdisjoint referencedisjunctdisjunctiondisjunctiondisjunctivedisjunctive conjunctiondisjunctive pronoundisjunctive questiondislocatedislocationdislocationdispersiondisplacementdispositiodispositiondispreferred sequencedisprovedissimilationdissimilative neutralizationdistaldistal demonstrativedistance assimilationdistance learningdistantdistant assimilationdistant dissimilationdistant futuredistinctiondistinctivedistinctive featuredistinctive functiondistinctive oppositiondistinctive semantic featuredistinctive tonedistinctivenessdistinctnessdistinguishdistinguisherdistortiondistributeddistributiondistribution modedistributionaldistributional analysisdistributional classdistributional equivalencedistributional range of stem affixesdistributionalismdistributionalistdistributionally equivalentdistributivedistributivedistributive numeraldisyllabicdisyllableditransitiveditransitive verbdivalentdivergencediversificationdiversitydivide (into)divisibledocumentdocumentationdomaindomaindomaldomaldominancedominantdominantdominant languagedominatedominateddominated nodedominatingdominating nodedominationdonordorsaldorsaldorsal consonantdorso-alveolardorsumdoubledouble articulationdouble articulation (of language)double consonantdouble crossdouble negativedouble overlapping diglossiadouble stopdouble stressdouble-base transformationdouble-compounddouble-compound formdouble-object constructiondoubletdoublingdowndriftdowngraderdowngradingdownstepdoxadrawldrawldrilldrop the final unstressed voweldrumdrum languageD-structuredualdualitydubitativedummydummydummy elementdummy subjectdummy symboldurationdurativedvandva compounddynamicdynamicdynamic accentdynamic linguisticsdynamic tonedynamic verbdynamicsdysarthriadysgraphiadyslexiadysphasiadysprosody

E

eareardrumecho questionecholaliaecho(-)wordeconomicaleconomyeconomy principleeditingeducationeducatoreffecteffect of meaningeffected objectegressiveegressiveegressive airejectionejectiveejectiveelaboratedelaborated codeelaborationelaboratorE-languageelativeelative caseelementelementelement of a sentenceelement of constructionelementary (narrative) sequenceelementary organization formelementary transformationelevated toneelicitelicitationelicitation techniqueselicitedelideelisionellipsisellipsis transformationellipticalelliptical sentenceelliptical utteranceelocutioelocutionembedembeddedembedded clauseembedded questionembedded sentenceembeddingembedding transformationemblememicemic point of viewemic unitemitemotiveemotive functionemotive meaningemotive styleempathyemphasisemphasis transformationemphasizeemphasizeremphaticemphatic consonantemphatic pronounemphatic stressemphaticallyempiricalempirical evidenceempiricismemptyempty categoryempty category principle (ECP)empty morphempty morphemeempty operatorempty setempty wordempty-boxenallageenclisisencliticencodeencoderencodingencyclop(a)ediaencyclop(a)edic knowledgeencyclopedic entryendend matterendangered languageendingendocentricendocentric constructionendocentricityendoglossicendophoraendophoric referenceenergyengagementEnglish creoleEnglish-based creoleenrichment of the logical formentailentailmententhymemeentityentryenumerateenumerationenunciateeenunciationenunciationenunciativeenunciative coordinatesenunciative organizationenunciatorenunciatorenvironmentepenthesisepentheticepenthetic consonantepenthetic featureepenthetic vowelepexegesisepexegeticalepiceneepideicticepideictic genreepiglottalepiglottal cartilageepiglottisepigraphyepilogueepiphoraepisememeepisodeepistemeepistemicepistemic judgmentepistemic modalityepistemologicalepistemologyepistropheepithetepithetepizeuxiseponymequalityequationequationalequational clauseequational sentenceequativeequativeequative clauseequative degreeequative sentenceequi NP deletionequilibriumequipollentequipollent oppositionequivalenceequivalence classequivalent (of)equivalent (to)ergativeergative caseergative languageergative verbergativityerrorerror analysisesophagusessential conditionessential ruleessiveessive caseestablishing of an anaphoric relationshipétat de langueethnicethnic groupethnicityethnocentrismethnographerethnographic semanticsethnographyethnography of communicationethnography of speakingethnolinguisticethnolinguisticsethnologistethnologyethnomethodologistethnomethodologyethnomusicologistethnomusicologyethnoscienceethnosemanticseticetic point of viewetic unitetymological

etymological fallacyetymologyetymoneuphemismeuphoniceuphonyevaluationevaluation procedureeventeventiveevidenceevidentialevidentialityevolutionevolveexactexaminationexaminationexamination of the dataexampleexceptionexceptional case(-)markingexchangeexclamationexclamation markexclamativeexclamativeexclamativeexclamatoryexclamatory pitchexclamatory sentenceexclusionexclusiveexclusive relationshipexecuteexegesisexegetic(al)exemplificationexemplifyexerciseexercitiveexhalationexhaledexhaustiveexhaustivenessexhaustiveness of a corpusexhortationexistentialexistential causativeexistential clauseexistential quantificationexistential quantifierexistential sentenceexocentricexocentric compoundexocentric constructionexocentricityexoglossicexophorexophoraexophoric referenceexordiumexpansionexpansionexpansion by co(-)ordinationexpansion by subordinationexpansion ruleexpectationexperienceexperiencerexperiential approachexperimentexperimental phoneticsexpert systemsexpirationexplainexplainexplanationexplanatoryexplanatory adequacyexplanatory powerexplanatory relative clauseexpletiveexpletiveexpletiveexpletive negativeexpletive pronounexplicatureexplicitexplicit informationexplicit performativeexplosionexponenceexponentexpositionexpositiveexpository discourseexpressibilityexpressionexpressionexpressionexpression(-)formexpression(-)planeexpression(-)substanceexpressiveexpressiveexpressive aphasiaexpressive aphasiaexpressive functionexpressive functionexpressive meaningexpressivityexpressivity principleextendable corpusextended gradeExtended Projection Principle (EPP)extended standard theory (EST)extensionextensionextensionextension of meaningextensionalextensional definitionextensional meaningexteriorexternalexternal argumentexternal focalizationexternal incidenceexternal negationexternal open junctureexternal sandhiexternal theta-roleexternalizationexternalized languageexteroceptivityextra highextra high toneextra low toneextractextractionextractionextradiegeticextralinguisticextralinguistic referenceextrapositionextrinsicextrinsic (rule) orderingeye rhyme

F

fablefaceface-threatening act (FTA)face-to-faceface-to-face interactionface-to-face relationshipsface-wantface-workfactitivefactitivefactitive verbfactivefactive verbfactivityfactorfactualfactualityfacultativefacultative variantfaculty of speechfairy talefaithful translationfallfall onfallingfalling diphthongfalling intonationfalling tonefalling-rising tonefalsefalse cognatefalse friendfalsettofalsetto voicefalsifiabilityfalsificationfalsityfamiliarfamiliar stylefamilyfamily (of languages)family resemblancefamily treefaux amifavoredfavorite sentencefeaturefeature modefeature specificationfeedbackfelicity conditionsfemalefemininefeminine rhymefictionfidelityfieldfieldfield linguisticsfield of dispersionfield perspectivefield researchfield studyfield-theoryfieldworkfigurafigurativefigurative expressionfigurative meaningfigurativizationfigure (of speech)figure of thoughtfilefile slipfill a slotfilterfilterfilterfilterfilteringfinalfinal clausefinal intonationfinal positionfinal stressfinal syllablefinitefinite automatonfinite classfinite statefinite verb (form)finite(-)state grammarfinite-state languageFinno-Ugric languagefirst actantfirst and second personsfirst argumentfirst articulationfirst formantfirst harmonicfirst languagefirst overtonefirst personfirst person exclusivefirst person inclusivefirst person pluralfirst person pronounfirst person singularfirst syllablefirstnessfixationfixedfixed accentfixed stressfixed stress languagefixed word(-)orderflapflapflappedflappingflashbackflatflat phonemeflip-flop transformationfloatingfloating elementfloating quantifierfloating tonefloutfluctuationfluencyfluentlyfocal areafocal pointfocalizationfocalizedfocalizerfocusfocusfocusfocus of attentionfocus (on)folkfolk etymologyfolk talefolk taxonomyfolklorefolkloristfolkloristicfollowed (by)followingfootfootnoteforceforegroundforegroundingforeignforeign accentforeign languageforeigner talkforeignismforensic genreformformform a hypothesisform of addressform wordformalformalformal grammarformal languageformal speechformal styleformal universalsformalismformalityformalizableformalizationformalizationformalizeformantformantformant synthesizerformant transitionformant zoneformationformativeformativeformatorform(-)classformulaformulaicformulateformulationfortisfortis consonantfortitionfossilizedfossilized formframeframeframeframe analysisframe of referenceframeworkfreefree anaphorafree formfree indirect speechfree modifierfree monemefree morphemefree relative (clause)free stressfree syllablefree translationfree variablefree variantfree variationfree variation of phonemesfree versefree vowelfree word(-)orderFrege’s principleFrench creoleFrench-based creolefrequencyfrequency countfrequency (of occurrence)frequentfrequentativeFreudian slipfricativefricativefricativizationfrictionfrictionless continuantfrontfrontfront vowelfrontedfrontedfrontingfrontingfrontnessfrozen metaphorfrozen stylefullfull homonymyfull reduplicationfull sentencefull stopfull verbfull wordfunctionfunctionfunctionfunctionfunctionfunction (as)function chainfunction wordfunctionalfunctionalfunctional analysisfunctional autonomyfunctional changefunctional grammarfunctional grammatical morphemefunctional linguisticsfunctional loadfunctional markerfunctional meaningfunctional monemefunctional sentence perspective (FSP)functional shiftfunctional syntaxfunctional transferfunctional yieldfunctionalismfunctionally independentfunctions of languagefunctivefunctorfundamental frequency (fo)fundamental semanticsfundamental syntaxfurther trainingfusefusedfused formfusionfusional languagefutharkfuturefuture in the pastfuture perfectfuture tensefuturity

G

gapgappinggarden path sentencegathergather datagathering (of data)gazegeminategeminategeminate consonantgeminationgendergenealogicalgenealogical classificationgenealogygeneralgeneral grammargeneral phoneticsgeneral stylisticsgeneralitygeneralizationgeneralized phrase structure grammar (GPSG)generalized transformationgenerategenerationgenerativegenerative capacitygenerative grammargenerative phonologygenerative rulegenerative semanticsgenerative(-)transformational grammargenerativistgenericgenericgeneric referencegeneric termgeneric-specificgeneric-specific relationgenesisgeneticgenetic classificationgenetic relationshipgeneticallygenitivalgenitivegenitivegenitive casegenitive markergenregeographic convergencegeographical linguisticsgeographical variationgeolinguisticsGermanic languagegerundgerundivegerundivegesturalgestural communicationgestural languagegesturegibberishgive emphasis togivengiven informationglideglideglissandoglobalglobal linkingglobal meaningglossglossaryglossematicianglossematicsglossemeglossogenesisglossolaliaglottalglottalglottal consonantglottal stopglottalicglottalic air(-)stream mechanismglottalizationglottalizeglottalizedglottalized consonantglottalized toneglottisglottochronologygnomicgnomic aoristgnomic presentgnomic utterancegoalgoalgoverngovernedgoverned elementgoverned sourcegoverned targetgoverninggoverning categorygovernmentgovernment and binding (theory of)Government theorygovernorgradablegradable adjectivegradable antonymgradable termgradatiogradationgradegraded antonymgradinggradual oppositiongramgrammargrammariangrammaticalgrammaticalgrammatical alternationgrammatical ambiguitygrammatical analysisgrammatical aspectgrammatical casegrammatical categorygrammatical conditioninggrammatical determinantgrammatical featuregrammatical formgrammatical functiongrammatical gendergrammatical hierarchygrammatical interferencegrammatical itemgrammatical levelgrammatical markergrammatical meaninggrammatical monemegrammatical morphemegrammatical predicategrammatical processgrammatical relationgrammatical sentencegrammatical subjectgrammatical subordinationgrammatical tonegrammatical wordgrammaticalitygrammaticality judgmentgrammaticalizationgrammaticalizedgrammatically conditioned alternationgrammaticalnessgrammaticizationgrammaticizedgrammatologygraphgraphgraphemegraphemicsgrapheticsgraphicgraphic mediumgraphic organizationgraphic substancegraphologyGrassmann’s lawgravegrave accentGreat Divide theoryGreat (English) Vowel Shift (GVS)Greek alphabetgreetinggreeting formulagridGrimm’s Lawgroove(d) fricativegroundgrounds-conclusion relationgroupgroupgroup (into)groupinggumsgutturalgutturalization

H

habithabitualhabitushalf(-)closehalf-close vowelhalf(-)openhalf-open vowelHamito-Semitichapax legomenonhaplographyhaplologyhard palateharmonicharmonizationharmonizeharmonyhash markheadheadhead nounhead/modifier orderhead-first languagehead-last languageheadless relative (clause)head-modifier phraseheadwordhearerhearinghearing rangeheavy syllableheavy-NP shifthedgehedgingheightheightheight of the tonguehelperhendiadyshermeneutichermeneuticsherohesitatehesitationheterogeneityheterogeneousheterogeneous (multilateral) oppositionheterographyheteronomousheteronomous languagesheteronomyheteronymheterophoneheterorganicheuristicheuristicshiatushierarchic(al)hierarchical levelhierarchical modulehierarchical organizationhierarchical structurehierarchicallyhierarchyhieroglyphic writinghighhigh functional loadhigh tonehigh varietyhigh vowelhigher rankhighlighthigh-mid vowelhigh-pitchedhistoirehistoricalhistorical infinitivehistorical linguisticshistorical phoneticshistoric(al) presenthistorical relationshiphistorical semanticshistoricityhistoryholdholehole in the patternhollowholonymholonymyholophraseholophrasticholophrastic languagehomeostasishomeostasishomogeneityhomogeneity of the corpushomogeneoushomogeneous corpushomogeneous (multilateral) oppositionhomogeneous speech communityhomogenizationhomographhomographichomographyhomologationhomologoushomologyhomomorphhomonymhomonym(ic) clashhomonymoushomonymyhomophonehomophonoushomophonyhomorganichonorifichonorifichonorific formhortativehortatoryhortatory discoursehumanhuman nounhushinghushing soundhybridhybridhybrid languagehybrid wordhybridizationhypallagehyperbolehypercorrecthypercorrectionhyper(o)nymhyper(o)nymyhyperphonemehypertexthyperurbanismhyphenhypocorismhypocoristichypocoristichyponymhyponymyhypotactichypotaxishypothesishypothetical

I

iambiambiciambic footIC analysisiconiconiciconicityictusideal speaker-heareridealizationideational functionidentical environmentidentical (to)identificationidentificationIdentification Principleidentificationalidentifiedidentifieridentifieridentifyidentifyingidentityideogramideographideographicideographic writingideophoneideophonicidiolectidiomidiomidiomaticidiomatic expressionidiomatic translationidiomaticnessI-languageillativeillative caseill-formedill-formednessilliteracyillocutionillocutionaryillocutionary actillocutionary forceillocutionary force indicating deviceillocutionary negationillocutionary verbillustrativeimageimageimaginaryimitateimitationimitativeimitative wordimmanenceimmanentimmediateimmediate constituent analysisimmediate constituent (I.C.)immediate contextimmediate dominanceimmediate dominationimmediate futureimmediate pastimmediately dominateimmutability of the signimperativeimperative moodimperative sentenceimperfectimperfectimperfect tenseimperfectiveimpersonalimpersonal constructionimpersonal passiveimpersonal pronounimpersonal verbimplementationimplicateimplicationimplicationalimplicational tendencyimplicational universalsimplicatureimplicitimplicit informationimplicit performativeimplicitlyimpliedimplosionimplosiveimplosiveimplosive consonantimplyimpossibilityimproperin accordance (with)in common use(in) complementary distributionin current usein intervocalic positionin isolationin the backgroundin the infinitiveinalienableinalienable possessioninanimateinanimate nouninborninceptiveinchoativeinchoative verbincidenceincidental toincludeincludedinclusioninclusion (in)inclusiveincompatibilityincompatibleincompleteincomplete sentenceincomplete verbincontinguous assimilationincorporating languageincorporationindeclinableindefiniteindefinite articleindefinite descriptionindefinite determinerindefinite expressionindefinite pronounindependenceindependentindependent clauseindependent pronounindependent sentenceindeterminacyindeterminateindexindexindexindexindex cardindexicalindexicalindexical deixisindexical expressionindexicalityindexingindicateindicativeindicative markerindicative moodindicatorindigenous languageindirectindirect anaphoraindirect discourseindirect objectindirect questionindirect quotationindirect speechindirect speech actindirect theta-markingindividual bilingualismindividual variantindividual variationindividualizedindividuatedindividuationindivisibleindivisible wholeIndo-EuropeanIndo-European languageinductioninductiveinductive inferenceinductive methodinequalityinergative verbinessiveinessive caseinfelicitousinfelicityinferinferenceinferentialinferential computationinfinite classinfinitivalinfinitival clauseinfinitiveinfinitiveinfinitive clauseinfixinfixationinflectinflectedinflected forminflected languageinflecting languageinflectioninflection [INFL]inflectionalinflectional affixinflectional endinginflectional languageinflectional morphemeinflectional morphologyinflectional suffixinfluenceinfluenceinformalinformal speechinformal styleinformantinformationinformation structureinformation theoryinformation unitinformational encapsulationinformational organizationinformativeinformative intentioninformativenessinformativityinfrequencyinfrequentinfrequentlyingressiveingressiveingressiveingressive airingressive consonantinhalationinherencyinherentinherent Caseinherent featureinherent toneinheritanceinitialinitialinitial positioninitial stressinitial syllableinitial symbolinitialisminitiallyinitiating moveinjectiveinjectiveinnateinnatenessinnateness hypothesisinnatistinnovationinputinput systeminseparabilityinseparableinsertinsertioninsertioninspirationinstanceinstantaneous releaseinstantiationinstitutional bilingualisminstructorinstrumentinstrumentalinstrumentalinstrumental caseinstrumental caseinstrumental phoneticsinstrumentalisminsultintegratedintegrationintelligibilityintensifierintensifyingintensionintensionalintensional definitionintensional semanticsintensityintensityintensiveintensiveintensive verbintentintentionintentionalintentionalityinteractioninteractionalinteractional contextinteractional frameinteractional moduleinteractional ritualinteractional sociolinguisticsinteractionisminteractiveinterchangeabilityinterchangeableinterclausalinterconsonantalinterdentalinterdentalinterdental consonantinterdependenceinterdependenceinterdependency linkinterdependentinterdisciplinaryinterdiscourseinterferenceinteriorinterjectioninterjectionalinterjectional phraseinterlanguageinterlingual translationinterlinguisticsinterlocutioninterlocutorintermediary languageintermediate projectionintermittentinternalinternal argumentinternal focalizationinternal incidenceinternal negationinternal open junctureinternal pauseinternal reconstruction (IR)internal sandhiinternalizationinternalized languageinternational languageInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)International Phonetic Associationinteroceptivityinterpersonal functioninterpolatedinterpretinterpretabilityinterpretableinterpretantinterpretationinterpretationinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretive capacityinterpretive semanticsinterpretive useinterrelation(ship)interrogativeinterrogative adjectiveinterrogative adverbinterrogative forminterrogative inversioninterrogative moodinterrogative pronouninterrogative sentenceinterrogative transformationinterrogative wordinterruptedintersectintersectioninter-sentenceintersentential switchingintertextintertextualintertextual dimensionintertextual relationintertextualityintervalinterviewintervieweeinterviewerintervocalicintervocalic positionintimate styleintonationintonationintonation contourintonation patternintonationalintonational contourintonational phraseintonational stressintonation(-)groupintonemeintralingual translationintralinguisticintransitiveintransitive verbintrasentential switchingintrinsicintrinsic (rule) orderingintroductionintrospectionintrusionintrusiveintrusive consonantintuitionintuitiveintuitive judgmentintuitivelyinvalidateinvalidate a hypothesisinvariabilityinvariableinvariable wordinvariantinvariantinventioinventioninventoryinversioninversioninversioninvertinverted commasinvestigationinvolvementironyirrealisirreducibleirregularirregular alternationirregular conjugationirregular sandhiirregular verbirregularityirrelevantirrelevantirrelevant featureislandisland conditionisland constraintisochronismisochronousisochronyisoglossisoglottic lineisographisolatabilityisolatableisolateisolateisolatedisolated oppositionisolatingisolating languageisolationisomorphicisomorphismisophoneisosyllabicisotopyitemitem(-)and(-)arrangementitem(-)and(-)processitem-possessor phraseiterationiterative

J

jargonjawjoint monemejudgmentjunctionjuncturejuncture phonemejussivejust-noticeable differencejuxtaposejuxtaposedjuxtapositionjuxtapositional assimilation

K

kernelkernelkernel sentencekeykeykey loweringkey wordKhoisan languagekin termskinesicskinetic tonekinshipkinship systemkinship termsknowledgeknowledge of the worldkoinekymogramkymographkymographickymography

L

labellabellabelledlabelled bracketinglabelled nodelabelled treelabiallabiallabial consonantlabializationlabializelabializedlabial-palatallabial-palatallabio(-)dentallabio(-)dentallabio(-)dental flaplabio(-)velarlabio(-)velarlabiovelarizationlabiovelarizedlaminalaminallamino-alveolarlanding sitelanguagelanguagelanguagelanguagelanguage acquisitionlanguage activitylanguage arealanguage attitudelanguage behaviorlanguage boundarylanguage changelanguage contactlanguage deathlanguage disorderlanguage engineeringlanguage familylanguage gamelanguage gamelanguage having a relatively fixed word orderlanguage having a relatively non-fixed word orderlanguage helperlanguage learninglanguage learning techniqueslanguage losslanguage loyaltylanguage maintenancelanguage planninglanguage policylanguage processinglanguage shiftlanguage statelanguage systemlanguage teachinglanguage typelanguage universalslanguage uselanguage userlanguage variationlanguage-acquisition devicelanguageslanguages in contactlanguelaryngeallaryngeallaryngeal consonantlaryngealizationlaryngealizedlarynxlatentlatent consonantlaterallaterallateral approximantlateral clicklateral consonantlateral fricativelateral plosionlateral releaseLatin alphabetlawlaw of the excluded middlelaxlax vowellaxnesslayerlayeringlearnabilitylearned borrowinglearned wordlearninglearning of a second languageleast-effort principlelectleft branchingleft dislocationleftness conditionlegal languagelegibleleitmotivlemmalemmatizationlengthlength diacriticlengthenlengthenedlengthened gradelengtheninglenislenis consonantlenitionlentolessonletterlevellevellevellevel of analysislevel of focuslevel of languagelevel of phrase structurelevel of representationlevel tonelevel tone languagelevellinglevel-skippinglexemelexialexialexicallexical accesslexical ambiguitylexical aspectlexical categorylexical choicelexical classlexical componentlexical creativitylexical diffusionlexical entrylexical fieldlexical formlexical hierarchylexical innovationlexical insertionlexical interferencelexical itemlexical levellexical meaninglexical modulelexical monemelexical morphemelexical morphologylexical negationlexical redundancylexical redundancy rulelexical representationlexical rulelexical semanticslexical storagelexical stresslexical structurelexical systemlexical tonelexical verblexical wordlexicalist hypothesislexicalizationlexicalizedlexicallyLexicase grammarlexicographerlexicographylexicologistlexicologylexicology of stemslexiconlexicostatisticslexielexislexisliaisonlicenselicensingligaturelight syllablelight verblimitlimitinglineline of verselinearlinear orderlinear orderinglinear predictive synthesizerlinearitylinearlylingolingua francalinguallinguistlinguisticlinguistic analysislinguistic anthropologylinguistic area(linguistic) assimilationlinguistic atlaslinguistic capacitylinguistic changelinguistic communitylinguistic competencelinguistic conflictlinguistic consciousnesslinguistic contactlinguistic contextlinguistic determinismlinguistic diversitylinguistic environmentlinguistic fieldlinguistic geographylinguistic individuationlinguistic insecuritylinguistic knowledgelinguistic legitimacylinguistic marketlinguistic minoritylinguistic modellinguistic mutabilitylinguistic normlinguistic relativitylinguistic repertoirelinguistic semantics(linguistic) signlinguistic theorylinguistic unitlinguistic universalslinguistic variablelinguisticallylinguistically significant generalizationlinguisticslinguisticslinguo-labiallinklinklinkagelinkinglinkinglinking clauselinking consonantlinking verbliplip position(lip) protrusionlip readinglip roundinglipreadlip(-)spreadingliquidlisplisplispinglistlistlisten (to)listenerliteracy workshopliteralliteral meaningliteral translationliterarinessliteraryliterary genreliterary languageliterary stylisticsliterary textliterary translationliterateliteraturelitotesliving languageloanloan translationloan(-)wordlocallocal caselocal dialectlocal negationlocal transformationlocalismlocalizationlocalizationlocalizationlocalizelocatedlocating operationlocationlocationlocation phraselocationallocativelocativelocative adverblocative caselocative phraselocatorlocatumlocuslocutionlocutionarylocutionary actlocutorlocutorlogatomlogiclogicallogical entrylogical form (LF)logical implication(logical) modalitylogical predicatelogical relationslogical semanticslogical stresslogical structurelogical subjectlogicianlogocentrismlogogramlogographlogographiclogographic writinglogographylogophoriclogophoric pronounlogorrhealonglong consonantlong syllablelong vowellong-term memoryloopbacklose facelossloss by collisionloss of final unstressed vowelloudloudnesslowlow frequencylow functional loadlow tonelow varietylow vowellowerlowerlower articulatorslower liplower ranklower teethlower-caselower-case letterlowered toneloweringlow-midlow-mid tonelow-mid vowellow-pitchedloyaltylunglung airlungs

M

machine translationmacroactmacro-contextmacrolinguisticmacrolinguisticsmacronmacropropositionmacrosequencemacro-sociolinguisticsmacro-structuralmacro(-)structuremainmain clausemain line of the storymain verbmajormajor categorymajor sentencemajority languagemake an assumptionmake explicitmalapropismmalemalefactivemandmanifest factmanifestationmanifestation modemanifestnessmannermanner adverbmanner adverbialmanner of articulationmanner of speechmanner phrasemanualmanuscriptmap (onto)mappingmarginmarginalmarginal tagmememarkmarkmarkmarkmark of correlationmark of pluralitymarkedmarked peripherymarkednessmarkermarkermarkermarkingMarkov chainMarkov modelMarkov processmasculinemasculine rhymemassmass nounmass of the tonguematched guise techniquematerialmathematical linguisticsmatrixmatrixmatrix clausematrix sentencemattermaximmaxim of conversationmaxim of mannermaxim of qualitymaxim of quantitymaxim of relationmaxim of relevancemaximalmaximal differentiationmaximal projectionmaximumm-commandmeaningmeaning effectmeaning in contextmeaning postulatesmeaningfulmeaningful unitmeaningfulnessmeaninglessmeansmeans of communicationmeans-purpose relationmeans-result relationmeasurablemeasuremechanismmedialmedialmedial positionmedial vowelmediationmediation theorymediopalatalmedio(-)passivemediummeiosismelmeliorationmeliorativemellowmellow consonantmelodicmelodic tonemelodymembermember of a classmembership (in)memorizationmemorymentalmental lexiconmental representationmentalesementalismmentalistic approachmereologymergermeronymmeronymymesolectmessagemessage contentmessage formmetacommunicationmetacommunicativemetadiscoursemetadiscursivemetalanguagemetalanguagemetalepsismetalinguisticmetalinguistic awarenessmetalinguistic functionmetalinguistic negationmetalinguistic usemetalinguistic utterancemetalinguisticsmetaphonemetaphonymetaphormetaphoricalmetaphoric(al) code switchingmetaphorical extensionmetaphoric(al) meaningmetaphoricallymetaphorizationmetaplasmmetathesismetermethodmethodicalmethodologymetonymicalmetonymymetric(al)metricsmicro-contextmicrolinguisticmicrolinguisticsmicro-sequencemicro-sociolinguisticsmicro-structuralmicro(-)structuremidmid tonemid vowelmiddlemiddle verbmiddle voicemiddle vowelmid-dorsalmid-high tonemid-openmigrationmimetic wordmimicryminimalminimal free formminimal governing categoryminimal grammatical unitminimal meaningful unitminimal pairminimal projectionminimal segmentminimal unitminimal unit of interactionminimal utteranceminimal-distance principleminimalismminimality conditionminimumminorminor categoryminor sentenceminority languagemisinterpretationmispronunciationmisspellingmistaken liaisonmistranslationmisunderstandingmitigatormixedmixed languagemixed metaphormnemonicmnemonicsmobilemobilitymodalmodalmodal adjunctmodal adverbmodal attractionmodal auxiliarymodal constructionmodal expressionmodal particlemodal valuemodal verbmodalitymodalitymodalitymodality constituentmodalizationmodalizedmodalizingmodalizing stylemodalizing termmodemode of actionmodelmodel of communicationmodern languagemodificationmodificationmodified (by)modified nounmodifiermodifiermodifier/head ordermodifymodifyingmodularmodular approachmodular devicemodularitymodularity of mindmodulationmodulemodusmomentarymomentarymonememonitormonitoringmonogenesismonogeneticmonoglotmonoglotmonographmonolingualmonolingual approachmonolingual dictionarymonolingualismmonologicmonologicalmonologismmonologuemonologue discoursemonomorphemicmonomorphemic wordmonophonem(at)icmonophthongmonophthongizationmonosegmentalmonosemicmonosemousmonosemymonosyllabicmonosyllabismmonosyllablemonotonemonotonicmonotonousmonotonymonotransitive verbmonovalentmonovalent lexical morphememonovalent verbmoodmoramoralmorphmorphememorpheme boundarymorpheme classmorpheme variantmorpheme-structure rulemorpheme-wordmorphemicmorphemic alternationmorphemic analysismorphemic levelmorphemic paradigmmorphemically conditioned alternationmorphemicsmorphologicalmorphological casemorphological conditioningmorphologicallymorphologically conditioned alternationmorphologymor(pho)phonememor(pho)phonemicmor(pho)phonemic componentmor(pho)phonemic rulemor(pho)phonemicsmor(pho)phonologymorphosyntacticmorphosyntaxmorphotonememorphotonemic alternationmorphotonemicsmotmother nodemother tonguemotheresemotifmotionmotion verbmotivatedmotivationmotor aphasiamottomouthmouth airmouth cavitymovable stressmovemovemove the action forwardmove(-)alphamovementmovementmovement rulemovement to clause-final positionmovement verbmovement-to-COMPmuffled vowelmultidimensionalmultifunctionalmultilateral oppositionmultilinear phonologymultilingualmultilingualmultilingualismmultiplemultiple branchingmultiplex networkmulti-propositionalmultisyllabicmurmurmurmuring voicemuscular tensionmutabilitymutability of the signmutationmutemute emute lettermute phonememutualmutual assimilationmutual exclusionmutual intelligibilitymutual knowledgemutual manifestnessmutuallymutually exclusivemutually exclusive dependencymyoelastic aerodynamic theorymythmythography

N

namenaming (things)narratenarrateenarrationnarrativenarrativenarrative analysisnarrative discoursenarrative propositionnarrative schemanarrative semanticsnarrative semioticsnarrative sequencenarrative strategynarrative structurenarrative syntaxnarrative textnarrativitynarratologicalnarratologynarratornarrow scopenarrow transcriptionnarrowingnarrowing (of meaning)nasalnasalnasalnasal cavitynasal consonantnasal releasenasal resonancenasal twangnasal vowelnasalitynasalizationnasalizenasalizednasalized vowelnational languagenativenative languagenative speakernative speaker intuitionnative tonguenativismnativistnativizationnaturalnatural classnatural conversationnatural gendernatural languagenatural language processing (NLP)natural logicnatural meaningnaturalnessnaturenearnear futurenear pastnecessarilynecessarynecessary and sufficient conditionnecessary conditionnecessitativenecessitynegationnegativenegativenegative adverbnegative facenegative featurenegative morphemenegative polaritynegative polarity itemnegative politenessnegative sentencenegative transfernegative verbnegatornegotiationneighborhoodneighboringneighboring phonemeneo(-)classical combinationneo(-)classical compoundneogrammarianneologicalneologismneologynestednested dependencynestingnestingnetworknetwork theoryneuro-chronaxic theoryneurolinguisticsneusticneuterneuter verbneutralneutral orderneutral vowelneutralizable oppositionneutralizationneutralizednewnew informationnext higher ranknext lower ranknexusnicknameNiger-CongoNiger-Congo languageNilo-Saharan languageNilotic languagenodenodenoisenomenclaturenominalnominalnominal clausenominal grammatical morphemenominal groupnominal inflectional affixnominal lexical morphemenominal modifiernominal predicativenominal relative (clause)nominal sentencenominal stemnominal substitutionnominalizationnominalization transformationnominalizenominalizednominalizernominalizing affixnominativenominative caseNominative Island conditionnon-ambiguousnon-anteriornon-argumentnon-conditional variantnon-configurationalnon-configurational languagenon-consonantalnon-contiguous assimilationnon-continuantnon-continuantnon-coronalnon-countnon-count nounnon-coverednon-defining relative (clause)non(-)distinctivenon-distinctive oppositionnon(-)distributednon-favorite sentencenon-finite verb (form)non-flatnon-frontnon-humannoninterruptabilitynon-linear phonologynon-linguistic contextnon-modal auxiliarynon-nasalnon-nativenon-natural meaningnon-phonemic tone loweringnon-predicativenon-predicative functionnon(-)restrictivenon(-)restrictive adjectivenon(-)restrictive determinernon(-)restrictive modifiernon(-)restrictive relative (clause)non-rhoticnon-rhotic accentnon-rhotic dialectnon-roundednon-segmentalnon-segmental phonologynonsensenonsense syllablenon-sharpnonstative verbnon-stridentnon-subjective personnon-terminalnon-terminal nodenon(-)verbalnon-verbal communicationnonvocalicnormnormnorm of usagenormal gradenormal ordernormal (rate of) speechnormativenormative grammarnorms of appropriatenessnosenot overtly marked hypotaxisnot relevant to the presentnotationnotebooknotionnotionnotionalnotional domainnotional grammarnounnounnoun classnoun class systemnoun classificationnoun clausenoun phrase (NP)noun stemnoun-formnovelNP-movementNP-raisingNP-tracenuancenuclearnuclear semenuclear stressnuclear syllablenuclear tagmemenucleusnucleusnullnull anaphoranull elementnull subjectnull subject parameternull-subject languagenumbernumbernumbernumber concordnumberingnumberingnumeralnumerativenunationnursery rhyme

O

obedience

conditionsobjectobjectobject

complement object

controlobject languageobject of prepositionobject of resultobject pronounobject-control predicateobjectiveobjectiveobjective caseobjective conjugationobjective genitiveobjective normobjective personal pronounobjective pronounobjectivelyobjectivityobligationobligativeobligatoryobligatory determinative relationobligatory expansionobligatory modifierobligatory ruleobligatory stem affixobligatory tagmemeobligatory transformationobliqueoblique caseoblique questionobservableobservationobservational adequacyobserverobserver’s paradoxobsolescenceobsolescentobsoleteobstructionobstruentobstruentobviationobviativeOccam’s razorocclusionocclusiveocclusiveoccuroccurrenceoccurrenceOckham’s razoroctaveoesophagusoff-glideofficial languageomissionone-placeone-place predicateone-place verbone-to-one correspondenceon-glideonomasiologicalonomasiologyonomasticsonomatologyonomatopoeiaonomatopoeiconomatopoeic wordonsetonset of voicingon-the-job trainingontogenesisontogeneticontogenicontogenyontologicalontologyopacityopacityopacity conditionopaqueopaque contextopenopenopen approximationopen classopen junctureopen listopen networkopen setopen syllableopen systemopen transitionopen vowelopeningopeningopeningopening sectionopen-mid voweloperandoperationoperationoperationaloperational organizationoperatoropponentoppositenessoppositionoppositional functionoptativeoptative moodoptimaloptimal relevanceoptionoptionaloptional determinative relationoptional expansionoptional modifieroptional occurrenceoptional ruleoptional tagmemeoptional transformationoptional variantoptionalityoracyoraloraloral air(-)stream mechanismoral cavityoral consonantoral literatureoral readingoral traditionoral translationoral voweloralityorderorderorderorderorderorder of constituentsorder of phonemesorderedordered rulesordered transformationorderingordering of rulesordinalordinal numberordinal numeralordinaryordinary conversationordinary language philosophyorganizationorganization formorganizing centreorgansorgans of speechorientationorthoepyorthographicorthographic transcriptionorthographic wordorthographyoscillationoscillogramoscillographoscilloscope

ostensionostensiveostensive communicationostensive definitionostensive-inferential communicationother-initiated repairothernessother-repairout of phaseoutlineoutputoutputovercodingovercorrectionoverdeterminationoverdifferentiatedovergeneralizationovergenerationoverlapoverlapoverlapoverlappingovertovert prestigeovertoneoverused metaphoroxymoronoxytoneoxytonic

P

pairpairedpal(a)elographypalatalpalatalpalatal clickpalatalizationpalatalizepalatalizedpalatalized consonantpalatepalato(-)alveolarpalato(-)alveolarpalato(-)alveolar fricativepalatogrampalatographypalilaliapalindromepanchronicpaperparableparadigmparadigmaticparadigmatic axisparadigmatic relation(s)paradigmatic setparadoxparadoxicalparagogeparagrammatismparagraphparagraph levelparalanguageparalinguisticparalinguistic featuresparalipsisparallelismparameterparametricparametric variationparaphasiaparaphraseparaphraseparaphrasingparaphrasticparasite segmentparasiticparasitic gapparasitic vowelparasynthesisparasyntheticparatacticparatactic relationparataxisparatextparent languageparenthesesparenthesesparenthesisparentheticalparentheticalparenthetical clauseparisyllabicparochialismparodyparoleparonomasiaparonymparonymparonymyparoxytoneparoxytonicparoxytonic languageparserparsingpartpart of speechpartialpartial assimilationpartial homonymypartial homophonypartial reduplicationpartial register loweringpartial syndetonpartial synonympartial synonymyparticipantparticipantparticipant in a communicative eventparticipant observationparticipant structureparticipant-roleparticipant-roleparticipationparticipation frameworkparticipialparticipial adjectiveparticipial clauseparticipial moodparticipial relative clauseparticipleparticiple clauseparticleparticleparticle perspectivepartitivepartitive articlepartitive casepartitive genitivepassagepassivepassive agentpassive articulatorspassive clausepassive constructionpassive sentencepassive transformationpassive verbpassive vocabularypassive voicepassivizationpassivizepastpastpast anteriorpast historicpast participlepast perfectpast tensepathpatientpatoispatoispatois speakerpatronymicpatternpatternpattern (as)pattern congruitypatterningpaucalpausepeakpeak of the syllablepedagogic(al)pedagogypeer grouppejorationpejorativepenultpenultimatepenultimate syllableperceiveperceptibilityperceptibleperceptionperfectperfect synonymperfect tenseperfectiveperfective aspectperformperformanceperformativeperformativeperformative adverbperformative meaningperformative utteranceperformative verbperformativityperiodperiodperiodperiodicperiodic organizationperiodic sentenceperiodic waveperiodicityperipheralperipheral systemperipheral tagmemeperipheral toperipheryperiphrasisperiphrasisperiphrasticperiphrastic expressionperiphrastic formperlocutionperlocutionaryperlocutionary actperlocutionary effectperlocutionary forcepermansive aspectpermissionpermitpermutablepermutatepermutationpermuteperoratioperseverationpersonperson concordperson deixisperson/thing outside the dialogueperson/thing within the dialoguepersonalpersonal infinitivepersonal interactionpersonal pronounpersonificationperspectivepertinentPF-representationpharyng(e)alpharyng(e)alpharyng(e)al airpharyng(e)al air(-)stream mechanismpharyng(e)al cavitypharyng(e)al consonantpharyngealizationpharyngealizepharyngealizedpharyngealized soundpharynxpharynx airphaticphatic actphatic communicationphatic communionphatic functionphenomenologicalphenomenologyphenomenonphenotextphenotypephi featurephilologicalphilologistphilologyphilosophical semanticsphonationphonationphonatoryphonephonematicphonematic unitphonematicsphonemephoneme classphoneme clusterphoneme inventoryphoneme memberphoneme positionphoneme systemphonemicphonemic analysisphonemic clausephonemic inventoryphonemic levelphonemic notationphonemic stressphonemic systemphonemic tonephonemic tone loweringphonemic transcriptionphonemically conditioned alternationphonemicizationphonemicsphoneticphonetic actphonetic alphabetphonetic alternationphonetic chartphonetic contextphonetic distinctive featurephonetic environmentphonetic featurephonetic form (PF)phonetic interpretationphonetic lawphonetic notationphonetic realizationphonetic representationphonetic scriptphonetic similarityphonetic symbolphonetic transcriptionphonetic transitionphonetic unitphonetic variantphoneticallyphoneticianphoneticsphoniatricsphonicphonic differencephonic interferencephonic mediumphonic substancephonic unitphonogramphonologicalphonological analysisphonological chartphonological componentphonological conditioningphonological feature(phonological) groupphonological hierarchyphonological level(phonological) oppositionphonological phrasephonological redundancy rulephonological representationphonological rulephonological sentencephonological systemphonological tagmemephonological unitphonological wordphonologically conditioned alternationphonologistphonologizationphonologyphonometricsphonometryphono-prosodic organizationphonostylisticsphonotacticphonotactic rulephonotacticsphonotagmemephrasal compoundphrasal verbphrasephrasephrase structurephrase structurephrase structure grammarphrase structure rulephrase-level analysisphrase(-)markerphraseologicalphraseological dictionaryphraseological unitphraseologyphrase-structure componentphylogenesisphylogenyphylumphysiological phoneticspictogrampictographpictographicpictographypidginpidgin languagepidginizationpidginizedpied-pipingpinpointingpitchpitchpitch accentpitch contourpivotpivot wordplaceplaceplace adverbialplace deixisplace nameplace of articulationplacementplainplainplanplaneplatitudeplausibilityplausibleplay backpleonasmpleonasticpleonastic pronounpleremeplosionplosiveplosiveplotplugpluperfectpluralplural markerplural morphemeplural nounpluralia tantumpluralitypluralizationpluralizerplurilingualismplus featurepoeticpoetic functionpoetic licensepoeticspoetrypoint of articulationpoint of incidencepoint of viewpoint topoint-of-referencepolarpolar interrogativepolar questionpolaritypolarizationpolarizedpolicymakerpolitepolite formpolitenesspoliteness principle (PP)polyfunctionalpolygenesispolygeneticpolyglossiapolyglotpolyglottismpolymorphemicpolymorphemic wordpolyphonematicpolyphonicpolyphonic organizationpolyphonouspolyphonypolysemiapolysemicpolysemouspolysemypolysyllabicpolysyllabic wordpolysyllablepolysyndetonpolysynthetic languagepolyvalencepopularpopular etymologypopular languagepopularizationpopulationportmanteauportmanteau morphportmanteau wordpositionposition of contrastposition of neutralizationposition of the tonguepositionalpositional variantpositivepositive degreepositive facepositive polaritypositive polarity item (PPI)positive politenesspositive sentencepositive transferpositivismpossessedpossessionpossessivepossessive adjectivepossessive compoundpossessive phrasepossessive pronounpossessive sentencepossessorpossibilitypossiblepossible combinationspossible worlds theorypost(-)alveolarpost-articlepost(-)consonantalpost(-)dentalpost(-)determinerpost(-)dorsalposterioritypost-nuclearpost(-)palatalpost(-)palatalpostposepostposedpostposingpostpositionpost-tonicpost-tonic syllablepostulatepostulatepostulatespost(-)velarpostverbal positionpotentialpotential markerpotential moodpotential pausepotential sentencepotentialitypowerpowerfulpractitionerpragmaticpragmatic competencepragmatic connectivepragmatic contextpragmatic particlepragmatic presuppositionpragmaticsPrague Schoolpraxematicspraxemepraxeological unitpreachingpre-articlepreaspiratedpre(-)aspirationprecedepreceded (by)precedenceprecisepre(-)consonantalpreconstructionpredeterminerpredicatepredicatepredicate adjectivepredicate calculuspredicate constructionpredicate negationpredicate nominalpredicate nominativepredicate nounpredicate phrasepredicate pronounpredicate-argument structurepredicatedpredicationpredicativepredicative adjectivepredicative expressionpredicative functionpredicative functionpredicative monemepredicative relationpredicatoidpredicatorpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictable tone loweringpredictionpredictivepredictively describepre(-)dorsalpreference organizationpreferentialpreferential orderpreferred sequenceprefixprefixprefixprefixalprefixationprefixed (to)preliminarypremiseprenasalizationprenasalizedprenasalized consonantpre(-)nuclearpre(-)palatalpreparatory conditionpreparatory rulespreposedpreposingprepositionpreposition strandingprepositionalprepositional complementprepositional groupprepositional objectprepositional phraseprepositional verbprerequisiteprescriptionprescriptiveprescriptive grammarprescriptivismpresentpresent participlepresent perfectpresent tensepresentationpresentationalpresentational constructionpresentativepresentativepresentative constructionpressureprestigeprestige formsprestige languagepresupposepresupposedpresuppositionpresuppositionalpreteritepreteritiopreterminalpreterminal nodepreterminal stringpretonicprevelarpreverbprevoicingprimacyprimaryprimary accentprimary articulationprimary articulationprimary auxiliaryprimary cardinal vowelprimary clauseprimary expansionprimary functionprimary objectprimary stressprimeprimitiveprimitiveprimitive languageprimitive relationprincipalprincipal variantprincipal verbprinciple of compositionalityprinciple of expressibilityprinciple of greedprinciple of informativenessprinciple of last resortprinciple of oppositionprinciple of recoverability of deletionprinciple of relevanceprinciples and parameters theoryprivativeprivative oppositionprivilegedPRO (big pro)pro (little pro)probabilityprobableproceduralprocedural discourseprocedural stepprocedureprocessprocessprocessprocess of fixationprocessingprocessingprocessing effortprocessing of the dataprocessiveprocliticprocliticizationpro-droppro-drop languagepro-drop parameterproduceproductionproduction of soundsproductiveproductivityprofanitypro-formprogramprogressprogressionprogressiveprogressiveprogressive aspectprogressive assimilationprogressive neutralizationprohibitionprohibitiveprojectionProjection Principleprojection ruleprolativeprolepsisprolixprolixityprologueprolongationprolongedprominenceprominentpromisepromotionprone to be elidedpronominalpronominalpronominal anaphorapronominal verbpronominalizationpronounpronouncepronounceablepronouns of the first and second personpronunciationpropprop ‘it’prop wordpropagatepropagationproparoxytoneproperproper governmentproper nameproper nounproper sensepropertyproportionproportionalproportional analogyproportional oppositionproportionalityproposepropositionpropositionalpropositional actpropositional analysispropositional attitudepropositional calculuspropositional contentpropositional content conditionpropositional content indicatorpropositional content rulepropositional formPropositional Island conditionpropositional logicpropositional negationproprioceptionproprioceptivityprosepro-sentenceprosodemeprosodicprosodic analysisprosodic featureprosodic movementprosodic phenomenonprosodic phonologyprosodic unitprosodic wordprosodyprosodyprosopopeiaprospectiveprosthesisprotagonistprotasisprothesisprotheticProto-BantuProto-Indo-European (PIE)proto-languageprototypeprototype semanticsprototype theoryproverbpro-verbprovide evidence forprovincial dialectproxemicsproximal demonstrativeproximateproximateproximate demonstrativeproximitypseudo-cleftpseudo-cleft sentencepseudo-cleftingpseudogappingpseudo-passivepseudo-passivepsych verbpsycholinguisticpsycholinguisticspsychological predicatepsychological semanticspsychological subjectpulmonicpulmonic airpulmonic air(-)stream mechanismpunpunctualpunctual tonepunctualitypunctuationpunctuation markpunctuation markerpure vowelpurismpuristpurportpurposepurposepurpose adjunctpurpose clauseput forth a hypothesisput in parenthesesput into focus

Q

quadrangular vowel systemquadrisyllablequalificationqualificationqualificative constructionqualifierqualifyqualifyingqualitativequalitative adjectivequalitative alternationqualitative delimitationqualityquantificationquantificationquantifierquantifierquantifier raising (QR)quantifyquantifyingquantitativequantitative delimitationquantitative linguisticsquantitative meterquantitative scalequantitative sociolinguisticsquantityquantityquatrainquestionquestion formquestion markquestion wordquestionnairequotationquotation marksquote

R

radicalradicalradixraised toneraisingraisingraising predicateraising to objectraising verbrandomrangerange of applicationrankrankrank(-)shiftrank(-)shiftedrank(-)shifted clauserapid readingrapid speechrarerarelyrarityrate (of speech)rationalismraw datar-colored vowelr-coloringreactionreactive illocutionary relationreadread a paperreadabilityreadablereaderreaderlyreadingreadingreading abilityreading aloudreadjustmentreadjustment ruleready-made expressionreal timerealiarealisrealismrealizationrealizerealized heroreal-time studiesreanalysisreanalysisreason clausereasonablenessreasonableness conditionsreason-result relationrebusrebus principlerebuttalrecallrecapitulationrecategorizationReceived Pronunication (RP)receiverreceiver of the direct objectrecent pastreceptiverecipientreciprocalreciprocal assimilationreciprocal presuppositionreciprocal pronounreciprocal verbreciprocal voicerecitativereconstructedreconstructed formreconstructionreconstructionreconstruction rulerecordrecordingrecountrecoverabilityrecoverability conditionrecoverability constraintrecoverablerectionrecurrencerecurrentrecursionrecursiverecursive applicationrecursive derivationrecursive elementrecursive propertyrecursive rulerecursivelyrecursivenessrecursivityreducedreduced gradereduced vowelreducible (to)reductionreductionreductionreductionismreductive neutralizationredundancyredundancyredundancy ruleredundantredundant featurereduplicatereduplicatedreduplicationrefer (to)referencereference chainreference speakerreferentreferentialreferential continuityreferential expressionreferential functionreferential hierarchyreferential indexreferential meaningreferential modulereferential opacityreferential semanticsreferential tagmemereferential transparencyreferential usereferential valuereferring expressionreflected meaningreflectivenessreflexreflexivereflexivereflexive passivereflexive pronounreflexive transformationreflexive verbreflexivenessreflexivityreflexivityreflexivizationreflexivization transformationreformulationregionalregional accentregional dialectregional languageregional variantregional variationregionalismregisterregisterregister changeregister differenceregister loweringregister toneregister tone languageregressiveregressive assimilationregressive neutralizationregularregular alternationregular conjugationregular grammarregular languageregular sandhiregular verbregularityregulationregulative rulereinforcementreinforcementrelate (to)relatedrelated languagerelated wordrelaterrelater-axis phraserelating to the utterancerelation of locationrelationalrelational adjectiverelational antonymRelational Grammarrelational organizationrelation(s)relationshiprelationship (between languages)relativerelative arbitrarinessrelative (clause)relative motivationrelative orderrelative pitchrelative pronounrelative superlativerelative tenserelative transformationrelative universalsrelativityrelativizationrelativizerelatorreleasereleasedreleased consonantreleased (plosive only)releasingreleasing consonantrelevancerelevance theoryrelevantrelexicalizationrelexificationrelic formremarkremote contextremote demonstrativeremote futureremote pastremotenessreorderingrepairrepairrepairrepair sequencereparteerepeatrepertoirerepertoryrepetitionrepetitionrepetitiverephonologizationreplace (by)replacementreplacivereplacive morphreplacive morphemereplicareplyreportreportedreported discoursereported speechrepresentrepresentrepresentationrepresentationrepresentationrepresentationalrepresentational functionrepresentativerepresentativerepresentative corpusrepresentativenessrepresentativeness of the corpusrequestrequestresearchresearcherresemblanceresidueresonanceresonance chamberresonantresonantresonateresonatorrespirationrespiratoryrespiratory tractresponding moveresponseresponserestrictedrestricted coderestrictionrestriction of meaningrestriction of the air passagerestrictiverestrictive modificationrestrictive relative (clause)restructuringresultresultresult clauseresultantresultativeresultingrésuméresumptive pronounretractedretracted tongueretracted tongue rootretractionretrainingretroactiveretroflexretroflex consonantretroflex(ed)retroflexed ‘r’retroflexed vowelretroflexionretrospectivereversalreversereversiblereversivereversivereversive suffixreviewreviewrevised extended standard theory (REST)revisionrewindrewriterewriterewrite rulerewrite systemrewritingrewriting rulerewrittenR-expressionrhematicrhemerhetic actrhetoricrhetoricalrhetorical figurerhetorical questionrhotacismrhotacizationrhotacizerhotacized vowelrhoticrhotic accentrhotic dialectrhymerhymerhymerhythmrhythmic beatrhythmic(al)rhythmic(al) grouprhythmicsriddleright branchingright dislocationright node raising (RNR)rigid designatorrigorriserisingrising diphthongrising intonationrising toneritualritual constraintsritual insultr-lessr-less dialectrolerolerolerole relationsrollrolledrolled consonantrolled ‘r’Roman alphabetRomance languageRomanizationroof of the mouthrootrootroot transformationroot wordroundroundround bracketsroundedrounded lipsrounded vowelroundingrulerule of construalrule of interpretationrule of productionrule of the categorial componentrule orderingRunic alphabet

S

sagittal sectionsaliencesalientsamplesamplingsanctionsandhisandhi-formsanitizedsanitized versionSapir-Whorf hypothesissarcasmsatellitesatisfactionsaturatedsaturationsave facescalarscalar implicaturescalescanningscansionscenariosceneschemaschemaschemaschematic formschemeschemeschwascopescopescope ambiguityscope of negationscope of quantifiersscramblingscriptscriptsecond actantsecond argumentsecond articulationsecond formantsecond harmonicsecond languagesecond personsecond person exclusivesecond person inclusivesecond person pluralsecond person pronounsecond person singularsecondarysecondary articulationsecondary articulationsecondary cardinal vowelsecondary clausesecondary expansionsecondary functionsecondary motivationsecondary objectsecondary phonemesecondary predicationsecondary stresssecond-language acquisitionsecondnesssectionsegmentsegmentsegmentablesegmentalsegmental morphemesegmental phonemesegmental phonologysegmentationsegmentatorsegmentedselectselectionselectionalselectional featureselection(al) restrictionselectional ruleselectiveselective listeningself-correctionself-dominatedself-dominatingself-embeddingself-embeddingself-initiated repairself-referenceself-referentialself-regulationself-repairself-selectself-selectionsemanalysissemantemesemanticsemantic ambiguitysemantic analysissemantic anaphorasemantic anomalysemantic axissemantic changesemantic classsemantic componentsemantic componentsemantic connectivesemantic contentsemantic differentialsemantic dimensionsemantic domainsemantic driftsemantic entailmentsemantic equivalencesemantic extensionsemantic featuresemantic fieldsemantic incompatibilitysemantic interpretationsemantic levelsemantic markersemantic memorysemantic organizationsemantic presuppositionsemantic referencesemantic representationsemantic rolesemantic rulesemantic shiftsemantic universesemantic valuesemanticallysemanticiansemanticistsemanticitysemantico-pragmaticsemanticssemantizationsemasiologicalsemasiologysemesemelfactivesememesemi-auxiliarysemicsemic analysissemicolonsemi-consonantsemilingualismseminarsemiologicalsemiological analysissemiological levelsemiologysemiosissemio-syntaxsemioticsemiotic functionsemiotic squaresemiotic systemsemioticiansemioticsSemiticSemitic languagesemi(-)vowelsemotacticssendersensesensesentencesentencesentence accentsentence adverbsentence adverbialsentence boundarysentence fragmentsentence grammarsentence levelsentence negationsentence nucleussentence stresssentence topicsentence typesentence wordsentence-adjunctsentence-levelsentence-level particlesententialsentential negationsentential subjectseparabilityseparableseparationsequencesequencesequencesequence of tensessequence of verbssequencingsequencing rulesequentialsequential bilingualismsequential derivationsequential implicativenesssequential organizationsequentialitysequentiallyserialserial constructionserial verbseriesseries of localizationsermonsetsetset expressionset of background assumptionsset of semantic featuresset the boundariessettingsetting up a corpussexshade of meaningshadow pronounshapeshared constituent coordinationshared knowledgesharp(ed)shibilantshiftshiftershortshort storyshort syllableshort vowelshortenshortenedshortenedshorteningshorthandshortnessshort-term memoryshowshwasibilantsignsignsign languagesign systemsign vehiclesignalsignalsignifiantsignificancesignificanssignificantsignificant unitsignificationsignificatumsignifiésignifiedsignifiersignifysignifying signifyingsilentsilent lettersilent readingsimilarsimilar wordsimilaritysimilaritysimilesimplesimple clausesimple future tensesimple lexiasimple lexical morphemesimple nounsimple pastsimple sentencesimple soundsimple stemsimple tensesimple termsimple utterancesimple wordsimplicitysimplicity metricsimplificationsimplification of consonant clusterssimultaneitysimultaneoussimultaneous bilingualismsimultaneous interpretationsimultaneous translationsincerity conditionsincerity rulesingle-basesingle-base transformationsingularsingularitysingularysingulary transformationsingulativeSino-Tibetan languagesister languagesister nodesituatesituationsituation of interactionsituation of utterancesituation of utteringsituationalsituational code switchingsituational componentsituational constraintssituational contextsituational referencesituation(al) semanticssituativesketchskillsslangslangslangyslashSlavic languageslip of the tongueslit fricativesloganslotslowslow speechslowed downslurslursmall clausesmooth onsetsocialsocial classsocial constraintssocial contextsocial deixissocial determinismsocial dialectsocial dialectal variationsocial dialectologysocial distancesocial factsocial function (of language)social groupsocial identitysocial interaction(social) networksocial rolesocial situationsocial statussocial stratificationsocial variantsocial variationsocializationsociativesociocultural communitysocioeconomic classsociogramsociolectsociolectal variationsociolinguisticsociolinguistic surveysociolinguistic universalssociolinguistic variablesociolinguistic variationsociolinguisticssociologysociology of languagesoftsoft consonantsoft palatesolecismsolidaritysolidaritysolidaritysolidussonagramsonagraphsonantsonantsonantsonesonnetsonorantsonorantsonoritysonority featuressortsortingsoundsoundsound changesound imagesound lawsound spectrogramsound spectrographsound systemsound wavesound-proofsound(-)symbolismsourcesourcesource languagespacespatialspatial deixisspatial locationspatial programmingspatializationspatiotemporalspatiotemporal locationspatiotemporel settingspeakspeak badlyspeak with a nasal twangspeakerspeakerspeaker referencespeaker’s attitudespeaker’s turnspecial languagespecializationspecializedspecificspecific referencespecificationspecificationspecificationspecificityspecificity conditionspecifiedSpecified-Subject conditionspecifierspecifierspecifyspecifyingspectralspectral analysisspectrogramspectrographspectrographic analysisspectrumspeechspeechspeechspeechspeech actspeech activityspeech chainspeech communityspeech continuumspeech defectspeech disorderspeech eventspeech impedimentspeech organsspeech perceptionspeech productionspeech signalspeech situationspeech soundspeech synthesisspeech synthesis by rulespeech synthesizerspeech therapistspeech therapyspeed readingspell (aloud)spell (in writing)spellingspellingspellingspelling disorderspelling pronunciationspelling reformspelling rulespelling systemspell(-)outspheresphere of activityspirantspirantizationspirometersplitsplit antecedentsplit infinitivespokenspoken languagespoken textspondaic footspondeespoonerismsporadicsprachbundspreadspreadspread lipsspread vowelspreadingsquaresquare bracketsS-structurestablestagestagestagingstammerstammeringstand forstandardstandard deviationstandard dialectstandard languagestandard theory (ST)standard varietystandardizationstandardizedstanzastarstarred formstarting termstatestatestatestate of affairsstate of languagestate verbstatementstaticstaticstatic linguisticsstatic tonestatic verbstatisticalstatistical linguisticsstatistical methodstatistical universalsstatisticsstativestative verbstatusstatusstatus planningsteadystemstemstem affixationstem alternationstem derivationstem inflectionstem lexicologystem morphemestemmastenographystereotypestereotypedstereotypystigmatizationstigmatizedstigmatized formstimulusstimulus-responsestochastic processstopstopstop consonantstoppedstoragestorystrategic organizationstrategystratificationstratificationstratificationalstratificational grammarstratificational theorystratifiedstratumstrengtheningstressstressstressstressstress accentstress groupstress on the antepenultimate syllablestress on the first/initial syllablestress on the last but one syllablestress on the last (final) syllablestress on the penultstress on the penultimate syllablestress on the third from last syllablestress patternstress-bearingstress-bearing unitstressedstressed syllablestressed unitstress-timed languagestress-timed (rhythm)strict sub(-)categorizationstrict sub(-)categorization featurestrict sub(-)categorization rulestricturestridencystridentstrident consonantstringstroboscopestrokestrongstrong adequacystrong cross(-)overstrong declensionstrong formstrong generative capacitystrong syllablestrong verbstrongly equivalentstructuralstructural ambiguitystructural analysisstructural Casestructural changestructural compensationstructural descriptionstructural dialectologystructural linguisticsstructural meaningstructural orderstructural semanticsstructuralismstructuraliststructurally conditioned neutralizationstructurestructure indexstructure preservationstructure wordstructuredstructure-preserving constraintstructure-preserving hypothesisstructure-preserving principlestructure-preserving transformationstructuringstudystudy of clause sequencesstutterstuttererstutteringstylestylestyle shiftingstyle stratificationstylisticstylistic analysisstylistic inversionstylistic rulestylistic variantstylistic variationstylisticianstylisticsstylizationstylometrystylostatisticssub(-)categorizationsub(-)categorization featuresub(-)categorization framesub(-)categorization rulesub(-)categorizesub(-)categorysub(-)classsubcodesub-componentsub-genresubglottalsubglottal pressuresubgroupsubjacencySubjacency conditionsubjectsubjectsubject complementsubject controlsubject positionsubject pronounsubject raisingsubject-auxiliary inversionsubject-control predicatesubjectivesubjectivesubjective casesubjective conjugationsubjective genitivesubjective personsubjective personal pronounsubjective pronounsubjectivitysubjunctivesubjunctivesubjunctive modesubjunctive moodsublativesublative casesubordinate clausesubordinate (to)subordinatingsubordinating conjunctionsubordinating constructionsubordinationsubordinationsubordinativesubordinatorsubphonemicsubscriptsubsetsubstancesubstancesubstancesubstantivalsubstantivesubstantive universalssubstitutabilitysubstitutablesubstitutable itemsubstitutesubstitute (for)substitutionsubstitution framesubstitution tablesubstratesubstratumsubstringsubsumesubsystemsubtractionsubtractive bilingualismsub(-)treesuccessionsuccessivesuccessive cyclic movementsuctionsufficient conditionsuffixsuffixsuffixsuffixalsuffixationsuffixed (to)suggestsuggestionsum of distributional propertiessummarizesummarizedsummarysuperessivesuperfixsuperimposedsuperimpositionSuperiority conditionsuperlativesuperlativesuperlative adjectivesuperlative degreesuperordinatesuperordinatesuperordinate termsuperordinationsuperposedsuper-raisingsuperstratesuperstratumsuperstructuresupinesupplementarysuppletionsuppletivesuppletivesuppletive alternationsuppletive formsuppletive morphemesupportsupporting evidencesuppositionsuprafixsupraglottalsupraglottal cavitysupra-regional languagesuprasegmentalsuprasegmentalsuprasegmental featuresuprasegmental morphemesuprasegmental phonemesuprasegmental phonologysurfacesurfacesurface formsurface structuresurface subjectsurveysurvey questionnairesurveyorsuspensesuspension pointssuspicious pairsuspicious soundsvarabhakti vowelswear wordswitch tosyllabarysyllabicsyllabic boundarysyllabic consonantsyllabic metersyllabic nasalsyllabic nucleussyllabic peaksyllabic phonemesyllabic stresssyllabic writingsyllabicationsyllabicitysyllabificationsyllabifysyllablesyllable boundarysyllable breaksyllable division(syllable) margin(syllable) nucleussyllable signsyllable structuresyllable weightsyllable-final(ly)syllable-initial(ly)syllable(-)internalsyllable-timed languagesyllable-timed (rhythm)syllabogramsyllemmasyllepsissyllepsissyllogismsymbolsymbolsymbolsymbolicsymbolic interactionsymbolic interactionismsymbolic systemsymbolizationsymmetric predicatesymmetricalsymmetrysymplocesymptomsyn(a)eresissyn(a)esthesiasynaloephasyncategorematic termsyncategorematic wordsyncategoremesynchronicsynchronic descriptionsynchronic linguisticssynchronysyncopationsyncopesyncreticsyncretismsyndeticsyndetic constructionsyndetonsynecdochesynesissynharmonysynonymsynonymoussynonymysyntacticsyntactic ambiguitysyntactic analysissyntactic anaphorasyntactic autonomysyntactic categorysyntactic changesyntactic classsyntactic componentsyntactic constructionsyntactic devicesyntactic featuresyntactic functionsyntactic markersyntactic modulesyntactic processsyntactic relationshipsyntactic representationsyntactic rulesyntactic structuresyntactic unitsyntacticallysyntagm(a)syntagmaticsyntagmatic axissyntagmatic relation(s)syntagmaticssyntagmemesyntaxsyntaxemesynthematicssynthemesyntheme formationsynthesissyntheticsynthetic judgmentsynthetic languagesynthetic propositionsynthetic sentencesynthetic truthsystemsystemsystem balancesystem of metalinguistic representationsystematicsystematic correspondencesystematic phonemicssystematic phoneticssystemicsystemic grammar

T

taboo

taboo word

tabooed

tacit knowledgetacttactic formtacticstag questiontagmatagmatictagmatic analysistagmaticstagmemetagmemictagmemic analysistagmemic theorytagmemicisttagmemicstake a sample (from)take on a functiontake responsibility fortaking the floortaletambertaptape recordertape recordingtargettarget languagetautologicaltautological statementtautologytautosyllabictaxemetaxistaxonomictaxonomic hierarchytaxonomic modeltaxonomyteachingteaching in the mother tongueteaching skillstechnical languagetechnical translationteethtelegraphic speechteleologicalteleological explanationtelescopedtelescopingtelictelic verbtelicitytelltempotemporaltemporal adverbtemporal adverbialtemporal clausetemporal conjunctiontemporal deixistemporal discourse interpretation principle (TDIP)temporalitytemporalizationtend totendencytenortensetensetense markertense voweltense-aspectTensed-S(entence) conditiontensenesstensingtensiontensiontentativetentativetentativelytenuistermtermterm of addressterm of endearmentterminalterminal elementterminal languageterminal nodeterminal stringterminal symbolterminationterminativeterminographyterminologicalterminologistterminologyterraced levelterraced-level languageterritorialitytertiarytertiary stresstessituratesttetraphthongtetrasyllabletexttext acttext analysistext grammartext linguisticstext relation markertextlinguisticstextologytextualtextual coherencetextual cohesiontextual competencetextual deixistextual functiontextual leveltextual meaningtextual unittextualitytextualizationtexture‘that’-trace effecttheatricaltheatrical entrancethematicthematicthematicthematic elementthematic frontingthematic functionthematic inflectionthematic relation(s)thematic rolethematic rootthematic structurethematic subjectthematic verbthematic vowelthematizationthemethemethemetheoremtheoreticaltheoriticiantheorizetheorytheory of communicationtheory of enunciative operationstheory of mental spacestheory of observablestheory of semantic fields‘there’-insertionthesaurusthesis(theta) T-criterion(theta) T-government(theta) T-gridtheta theory(theta) T-marking(theta) T-position(theta) T-rolethetic judgmentthinkingthird actantthird argumentthird personthird person pluralthird person pronounthird person singularthirdnessthoughtthresholdthreshold of hearingthroatthroatythymictildetimbretimetime adverbialtime axistime deixistime referencetimelesstitletmesistokentokentoken-reflexivetoken-reflexivitytonaltonal absorptiontonal analysistonal contrasttonal densitytonal inflectiontonal languagetonal modificationtonal patterntonal polaritytonal stresstonal systemtonalitytonality featurestonetone contourtone frametone languagetone leveltone loweringtone polaritytone spacetone spreadingtone spreading ruletone terracingtone-bearing unit (TBU)tone(-)grouptonemetonemictonemicstonetictoneticstone(-)unittonguetonguetongue bladetongue bodytongue heighttongue roottongue tiptongue(-)positiontongue-sliptonictonic syllabletonic voweltonogenesistonologytop-downtop-down methodologytopictopictopictopic markertopical coherencetopical organizationtopicalizationtopicalizedtoponomasiologytoponomasticstoponomatologytoponymtoponymytotaltotal assimilationtotal synonymytotalitytotalizationtracetrace theorytracheatrade languagetraditional grammartrainee

trainingtraining coursetraitortransactiontransactionaltransactional interactiontranscendenttranscodificationtranscribetranscribertranscriptiontransducertransducertransfertransfertransferendtransferred epithettransferred meaningtransformationtransformationaltransformational componenttransformational cycletransformational grammartransformational historytransformational rule (T-rule)transformational(-)generative grammartransformationalist hypothesistransienttransitiontransitiontransitional areatransitional soundtransition-relevance placetransitivetransitive adjectivetransitive relationstransitive verbtransitivitytransitivizationtransitorytranslatabilitytranslatabletranslatetranslationtranslation into a foreign languagetranslation into the mother tonguetranslativetranslativetranslative casetranslatologytranslatortransliterationtransmittertransmutationtransparencytransparencytransparenttransparent contexttransverse sectiontreatisetreetreetree diagramtree pruningtree-pruning ruletrematrialtriangular vowel systemtribal languagetriconsonantal roottriggertriggertriglossiatrigraphtrilingualtrilingualismtriliteraltriliteral roottrilltrilledtrilled consonanttrilled ‘r’trimodaltrimodal structuretriphthongtriphthongizationtriptotetrisyllabictrisyllabletrivalenttrivalent verbtrochaic foottrocheetropetropictropologytruetruismtruncatetruncatedtruncationtruthtruth conditionstruth valuetruth-conditionaltruth-conditional semanticstruth-conditionalitytruthfulnesstruth-functionaltruth-tellingturbulenceturbulentTuring machineturnturn of phraseturn-allocational unitturn-constructional componentturning pointturn-takingturn-taking systemtwo-placetwo-place predicatetwo-place verbtypetypetype of discoursetype of informationtype of utterancetypologicaltypological adequacytypological classificationtypological relationshiptypologytypology

U

ultimate constituent (UC)umlautumlautunaccentedunaccented syllableunacceptabilityunacceptableunaccusative verbunambiguousunaryunary transformationunaspiratedunaspirated stopunbound anaphorauncheckedunchecked voweluncommonuncountableuncountable noununderdifferentiationundergoerunderlyingunderlying formunderlying representationunderlying structureunderlying subjectunderstandingunderstatementunderstoodunduly free translationunexpectedunfoldingunfolding of the storyungradable antonymungraded antonymungrammaticalungrammatical sentenceungrammaticalityungrammaticalnessunidimensionalunidirectional dependencyunificationunification grammaruniformuniformityuniformity conditionunilateralunilateralunilateralunilateral consonantunilingualunilingualuninflecteduninterruptabilityuninterruptedunionunion languageunique constituentuniquenessunitunit capable of bearing stressunit noununit of informationuniversaluniversal grammaruniversal languageuniversal quantificationuniversal quantifieruniversalismuniversalityuniversalsuniverse of discourseunivocalunivocalityunmarkedunmarked caseunmarked orderunmotivatedunpredictableunproductiveunreadabilityunreleased plosiveunreleased (plosive only)unrestricted universalsunroundedunrounded vowelunroundingunstressedunstressed syllableuntranslatabilityuntranslatableunvoiceunvoicedunwritten languageupperupper articulatorsupper lipupper teethupper-caseupper-mid voweluptakeusageusageuseuseuse of the auxiliaryuse of the familiar pronounuse of the familiar ‘tu’use of the formal ‘vous’use of the polite pronounused as an adjectiveuserutterutteranceutteranceutterance actutterance patternutterance productionutterance-signalutterance-tokenutterance-typeutteremeuttereruvulauvularuvularuvular consonantuvular ‘r’uvularized

V

vaguevaguenessvalencevalencyvalidationvalidationvaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevalue judgmentvariabilityvariablevariablevariablevariable constraintsvariable rulevariable stressvariable wordvariantvariationvariationvariationistvarietyvariphonevaryvectorvehiclevelarvelar consonantvelar nasalvelar vowelvelaricvelaric air(-)stream mechanismvelarizationvelarizedvelarized ‘l’velarized soundvelicvelic closurevelumverbverbverb actualizerverb morphologyverb of actionverb of motionverb of object controlverb of propositional attitudeverb of subject controlverb particleverb phrase (VP)verb secondverbalverbalverbalverbalverbal actverbal adjectiveverbal affixverbal behaviorverbal clauseverbal communicationverbal deprivation theoryverbal exchangeverbal extensionverbal grammatical morphemeverbal groupverbal inflectional affix(verbal) inflectional classverbal interactionverbal lexical morphemeverbal nounverbal particleverbal predicateverbal repertoireverbal sentenceverbal stemverbal substitutionverbal suffixverbal systemverbalizerverbalizing affixverbatimverbidverbigerationverbless clauseverb-nounverboseverbosityverb-second languageverdictiveveridictionveridictory modalityverifiableverificationverifyvernacularvernacularvernacular loyalty markervernacular varietyvernacularizationVerner’s lawverseverseversificationversionvertical barvibrantvibratevibrationviewpointvillainviolatevirtualvirtualityvirtualizationvirtuemevisibilityvisibility conditionvisiblevisualvitalityvocabularyvocabulary itemvocalvocal apparatusvocal bandsvocal cordsvocal foldsvocal fryvocal lipsvocal tractvocalicvocalicvocalic alternationvocalic localizationvocalicityvocalismvocalizationvocalizationvocalizevocalizedvocativevocative casevocoidvoicevoicevoicevoicevoicevoice onsetvoice onset time (VOT)voice rangevoicedvoiced consonantvoicelessvoiceless consonantvoiceless vowelvoicelessnessvoiceprintvoicingvoicingvolitionvolitionalvolitionalvolitivevolumevowelvowelvowel diagramvowel gradationvowel harmonyvowel heightvowel lengthvowel lengtheningvowel mutationvowel pointvowel quadranglevowel quadrilateral(vowel) qualityvowel reductionvowel systemvowel trianglevulgar

W

wanna-contractionwavewavewave perspectivewave theoryway of speakingweakweak adequacyweak cross(-)overweak declensionweak formweak generative capacityweak syllableweak verbweakeningweakly equivalentweather verbwell-formedwell-formed sentencewell-formednesswell-formedness conditionWernicke’s aphasiaWernicke’s areaWh-in-situwh-islandwh-island constraintwhisperwhisperwhisperedwhispered vowelwhisperingwhispery voicewhistle(d) speechWh-movementwh-phraseWh-questionWh-raisingwh-tracewh-wordwide scopewideningwidening of meaningwindpipewitnesswordword accentword blindnessword boundaryword derived from an expressionword familyword junctureword listword playword similarityword stressword(-)classword-combinationword-final (position)word(-)formationword-formation ruleword-for-wordword-for-wordword-for-word translationwordinessword-initial (position)word-level analysisword(-)orderword-sound deafnesswordyworkchartworking hypothesisworkshopworld(-)viewworn-out metaphorwritewritewrite upwriterwritingwritingwriting abilitywriting systemwrittenwritten formwritten languagewritten mediumwritten text

X

X-bar syntax

X-bar theory

Y

yes/no question

yield

yod

Z

zerozero affixzero allomorphzero anaphorazero articlezero elementzero endingzero formzero gradezero morphzero morphemezero phonemezero signzero(-)derivationzero-valentzeugmaZipf’s lawzonezoosemiotics



Categorie:A05- Glossari grammaticali, D06.01- Grammatica inglese

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